Table 1 Characteristics of study participants with full-term vs. preterm birth
Full-term (n = 1624, 93.4%) | Preterm (n = 114, 6.6%) | Total (n = 1738) | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | ||||
Group allocationb | ||||
Control group | 792/1624 (48.8%) | 50/114 (43.9%) | 842/1738 (48.4%) | 0.311 |
Intervention group | 832/1624 (51.2%) | 64/114 (56.1%) | 896/1738 (51.6%) | |
Pre-pregnancy age (years)c | 30.3 ± 4.4 | 31.0 ± 4.4 | 30.4 ± 4.4 | 0.139 |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 68.2 ± 13.5 | 67.9 ± 13.2 | 68.2 ± 13.4 | 0.906 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 4.5 | 24.6 ± 4.5 | 24.4 ± 4.5 | 0.479 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI category (n (%)) | ||||
BMI 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2 | 1069/1624 (65.8%) | 68/114 (59.6%) | 1137/1738 (65.4%) | 0.332 |
BMI 25.0 – 29.9 kg/m2 | 362/1624 (22.3%) | 32/114 (28.1%) | 394/1738 (22.7%) | |
BMI 30.0 – 40.0 kg/m2 | 193/1624 (11.9%) | 14/114 (12.3%) | 207/1738 (11.9%) | |
Early GWG (kg)d | 2.8 ± 2.4 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 2.8 ± 2.4 | 0.381 |
Early GWG category (n (%))e | ||||
Inadequate | 432/1624 (26.6%) | 34/114 (29.8%) | 466/1738 (26.8%) | 0.754 |
Adequate | 196/1624 (12.1%) | 13/114 (11.4%) | 209/1738 (12.0%) | |
Excessive | 996/1624 (61.3%) | 67/114 (58.8%) | 1063/1738 (61.2%) | |
GDM (n (%))f | 166/1566 (10.6%) | 14/109 (12.8%) | 180/1675 (10.7%) | 0.465 |
Educational level (n (%)) | ||||
General secondary schoolg | 227/1624 (14.0%) | 18/114 (15.8%) | 245/1738 (14.1%) | 0.835 |
Vocational secondary school | 704/1624 (43.3%) | 47/114 (41.2%) | 751/1738 (43.2%) | |
Academic high school | 693/1624 (42.7%) | 49/114 (43.0%) | 742/1738 (42.7%) | |
Country of birth (n (%)) | ||||
Germany | 1459/1622 (90.0%) | 97/114 (85.1%) | 1556/1736 (89.6%) | 0.100 |
Other | 163/1622 (10.0%) | 17/114 (14.9%) | 180/1736 (10.4%) | |
Native language (n (%)) | ||||
German | 1537/1622 (94.8%) | 109/114 (95.6%) | 1646/1736 (94.8%) | 0.691 |
Other | 85/1622 (5.2%) | 5/114 (4.4%) | 90/1736 (5.2%) | |
Nulliparous (n (%)) | 934/1624 (57.5%) | 76/114 (66.7%) | 1010/1738 (58.1%) | 0.055 |
Living with a partner (n (%)) | 1564/1619 (96.6%) | 111/114 (97.4%) | 1675/1733 (96.7%) | 0.660 |
Married (n (%)) | 1077/1618 (66.6%) | 70/114 (61,4%) | 1147/1732 (66.2%) | 0.260 |
Full-time employed (n (%)) | 857/1612 (53.2%) | 69/113 (61.1%) | 926/1725 (53.7%) | 0.104 |
Current smoker (n (%)) | 81/1624 (5.0%) | 4/114 (3.5%) | 85/1738 (4.9%) | 0.479 |
Low HEI (n (%))h | 801/1624 (49.3%) | 68/114 (59.6%) | 869/1738 (50.0%) | 0.033 |
Low PA (n (%))i | 807/1624 (49.7%) | 62/114 (54.4%) | 869/1738 (50.0%) | 0.333 |
Antenatal distress (n (%))j | 682/1624 (42.0%) | 48/114 (42.1%) | 730/1738 (42.0%) | 0.982 |
Low well-being (n (%))k | 589/1609 (36.6%) | 38/110 (34.5%) | 627/1719 (36.5%) | 0.664 |
Infant characteristics | ||||
Infant sex (n (%)) | ||||
Male | 825/1608 (51.3%) | 62/110 (56.4%) | 887/1718 (51.6%) | 0.304 |
Female | 783/1608 (48.7%) | 48/110 (43.6%) | 831/1718 (48.4%) | |
Birthweight (g) | 3405 ± 436 | 2370 ± 622 | 3337 ± 518 | < 0.001 |