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Table 3 Correlates of neonatal body composition

From: Maternal excess adiposity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L are associated with elevated whole body fat mass in healthy breastfed neonates

Fixed effects modela

Regression coefficients

95% Confidence intervals

P-value

Adjusted P-value

Neonatal whole-body fat mass g (R2 0.38, R2adj 0.37)a

 Sexb of infant (Ref: female)

− 119.85

− 219.24, − 20.45

0.02

 

 Gestational age at birth, wk

−15.38

−67.13, 36.38

0.56

 

 Infant age, mo

435.35

187.62, 683.09

0.001

 

 Infant length, cm

58.80

29.99, 87.57

< 0.0001

 

 UVB period at birthc (Ref: non-synthesizing period)

105.28

8.94, 201.63

0.03

 

 Gestational weight gain, kg

6.57

−1.61, 14.76

0.11

 

 Maternal pre-pregnancy BMId (Ref: < 25 kg/m2)

− 45.26

− 173.54, 83.02

0.12

 

 Maternal 25(OH)De (Ref: ≥50 nmol/L)

− 40.57

− 176.04, 94.91

0.09

 

 BMI*25(OH)D interaction (pairwise comparisons)

  

0.02

 

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D < 50 vs BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50

220.40

56.19, 384.60

0.009

0.04

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D < 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D < 50

215.70

44.73, 386.68

0.01

0.07

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D < 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50

175.14

28.38, 321.89

0.02

0.09

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D < 50

−4.70

− 161.54, 152.15

0.95

0.99

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50

−45.26

−173.54, 83.02

0.49

0.90

  BMI < 25, 25(OH)D < 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50

−40.57

−176.04, 94.91

0.55

0.93

Neonatal whole-body lean mass g (R2 0.53, R2adj 0.52)

 Sex of infant (Ref: female)

174.52

73.41, 275.64

0.0009

 

 Gestational age at birth, wk

32.29

−20.36, 84.94

0.23

 

 Infant age, mo

294.98

42.95, 547.00

0.02

 

 Infant length, cm

102.26

72.97, 131.55

< 0.0001

 

 UVB period (Ref: non-synthesizing period)

−68.86

− 166.88, 29.16

0.17

 

 Gestational weight gain, kg

−4.56

−12.89, 3.76

0.28

 

 Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (Ref: < 25 kg/m2)

124.67

−5.83, 255.17

0.06

 

 Maternal 25(OH)D (Ref: ≥50 nmol/L)

55.67

−82.15, 193.49

0.43

 

 Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI*25(OH)D

  

0.04

 

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D < 50 vs BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50

− 164.58

−384.34, 55.19

0.05

0.21

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D < 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D < 50

−95.57

− 324.39, 133.24

0.28

0.70

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D < 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50

−39.91

− 236.31, 156.50

0.60

0.95

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D < 50

69.00

− 140.90, 278.91

0.39

0.83

  BMI ≥ 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50

124.67

−47.01, 296.35

0.06

0.24

  BMI < 25, 25(OH)D < 50 vs BMI < 25, 25(OH)D ≥ 50

55.67

− 125.64, 236.97

0.43

0.85

  1. Abbreviations: 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, BMI Body mass index, UVB Ultraviolet B
  2. aData were compared using a linear fixed effect model for continuous variables followed by post hoc Tukey’s tests with Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons
  3. bSex of infant (male vs. female)
  4. cUVB period (April 1st-October 31st or November 1st-March 31st)
  5. dMaternal pre-pregnancy BMI (BMI < 25 kg/m2 or BMI ≥25 kg/m2)
  6. eMaternal serum 25(OH)D (≥ or < 50 nmol/L)
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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