From: Prevalence and risk factors of overt postpartum urinary retention among primiparous women after vaginal delivery: a case-control study
Variable
Odds ratio
95% CI
P value
Epidural analgesia
1.41
1.11–1.79
0.005
Vulvar edema
6.92
4.65–10.31
< 0.001
Forceps delivery
8.42
2.22–31.91
0.002
Episiotomy
1.37
1.02–1.84
0.035
Second-degree perineal tear
3.42
2.37–4.94