Obstetric and neonatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus in twin pregnancies according to changes in its diagnostic criteria from National Diabetes Data Group criteria to Carpenter and Coustan criteria: a retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Obstetric outcomes of non-GDM and GDM groups before (period 1) and after (period 2) changes of GDM diagnostic criteria

	Period 1 (NDDG criteria)			Period 2 (C–C criteria)			Interaction test P-value^*
	Non-GDM (n = 607)	GDM (n = 25)	P-value	Non-GDM (n = 1,027)	GDM (n = 105)	P-value	Interaction test P-value^*
TTTS	6 (1.0)	0 (0)	> 0.999	15 (1.5)	0 (0)	0.386	0.999
Preterm labor	163 (26.9)	9 (36.0)	0.314	341 (33.2)	34 (32.4)	0.865	0.333
IIOC	3 (0.5)	0 (0)	> 0.999	33 (3.2)	3 (2.9)	> 0.999	0.977
PPROM	87 (14.3)	7 (28.0)	0.079	182 (17.7)	33 (31.4)	0.001	0.863
Preeclampsia	55 (9.1)	1 (4.0)	0.716	120 (11.7)	12 (11.4)	0.938	0.433
Placenta previa	11 (1.8)	0 (0)	> 0.999	27 (2.6)	1 (1.0)	0.507	0.976
Placenta abruptio	12 (2.0)	0 (0)	> 0.999	27 (2.6)	5 (4.8)	0.210	0.971
Fetal congenital anomaly^a	16 (2.6)	1 (4.0)	0.501	87 (8.5)	6 (5.7)	0.327	0.453
FDIU^a	12 (2.0)	1 (4.0)	0.411	14 (1.4)	1 (1.0)	> 0.999	0.464
GA at delivery (weeks)	35.4 ± 2.5	34.2 ± 3.0	0.028	35.2 ± 3.2	35.3 ± 2.7	0.461	0.066
PTD < 34 weeks	118 (19.4)	10 (40.0)	0.012	247 (24.1)	25 (23.8)	0.956	0.034
PTD < 37 weeks	451 (74.3)	23 (92.0)	0.045	563 (54.8)	63 (60.0)	0.309	0.130
Cesarean section	568 (93.6)	21 (84.0)	0.082	888 (86.5)	94 (89.5)	0.379	0.047
Birth weight discordancy ≥ 20%	109 (18.0)	6 (24.0)	0.431	218 (21.2)	18 (17.1)	0.327	0.254
Composite obstetric complications^b	276 (45.5)	18 (72.0)	0.009	589 (57.4)	63 (60.0)	0.601	0.042

Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). NDDG National Diabetes Data Group, C–C Carpenter and Coustan, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, TTTS twin-twin transfusion syndrome, IIOC incompetent internal os of cervix, PPROM preterm premature rupture of membranes, FDIU fetal death in utero, GA gestational age, PTD preterm delivery. ^*logistic model for categorical variables and regression model for continuous variables. ^aone or more twin in twin pairs. ^bdefined as having one or more of preterm labor, PPROM, preeclampsia, PTD < 34 weeks, FDIU, and fetal congenital anomaly

ISSN: 1471-2393