Table 3 Results of questionnaires at recruitment (pre) and after four weeks (post)

Parental Stressor Scale: range from 1 (not at all stressful) to 5 (extremely stressful)

 Overall pre

3.4 (2.2–4.8)

3.1 (1,7–4.4)

0.33

 Overall post

2.6 (1.9–4.5)

2.4 (1.4–4.7)

 Change in Overall: Post–Pre

-0.3 (-1.7, + 0.2)

-0.1 (-1.8, + 0.7)

0.18

 Within group p-value (Post–Pre)

0.002^a

0.12

 Sights and Sounds-pre

2.2 (1.2–4.8)

2.4 (1.2–3.6)

 Sights and Sounds-post

2.2 (5–17)

2.0 (1.0–4.2)

 Change in Sights and Sounds: Post–Pre

-0.4 (-1.4, + 1)

-0.2 (-1.8, + 1.2)

 Within group p-value (Post–Pre)

0.051

 Infant Behavior- pre

3.5 (1.8–4.9)

2.9 (1.3–4.9)

 Infant Behavior- post

2.5 (1.7–4.7)

2.2 (1.3–4.7)

 Change in Infant Behavior: Post–Pre

-0.4 (-1.9, + 0.4)

-0.2 (-1.2, + 0.6)

 Within group p-value (Post–Pre)

0.003^a

 Parental Role Alteration- pre

3.6 (1.7–5.0)

3.3 (1.5–5.0)

 Parental Role Alteration- post

3.1 (1.8–5.0)

3.3 (1.3–5.0)

 Change in Parental Role: Post–Pre

-0.2 (-2.3, + 0.8)

0 (-1.8, + 2.2)

 Within group p-value (Post–Pre)

0.16

Patient Health Questionnaire – 4: range from 1 (not at all) to 4 (nearly every day)

 Anxiety pre

3 (1.5–4)

2.5 (1.5–4)

 Anxiety post

2 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

 Change in anxiety: Post–Pre

-1 (-2.5, + 0.5)

-0.5 (-1.5, + 1)

 Within group p-value (Post–Pre)

0.003^a

 Depression pre

2 (1–4)

1.5 (1–2.5)

 Depression post

1.5 (1–4)

1.5 (1–3)

 Change in depression: Post–Pre

-0.5 (-1, + 0.5)

0 (-1, + 1)

 Within group p-value (Post–Pre)

0.02^b

Toronto Mindfulness Scale: range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very much)

 Curiosity pre

1.1 (0–4)

1.8 (0–3)

 Curiosity post

2.1 (0–4)

1.5 (0–3)

 Change in Curiosity: Post–Pre

 + 0.8 (-1.5, + 3.2)

-0.2 (-1.7, + 1.5)

 Within group p-value (Post–Pre)

0.008^b

 Decentering pre

1.4 (0–3)

1.7 (1–3)

 Decentering post

2.4 (0–4)

1.5 (0–3)

 Change in Decentering: Post–Pre

 + 0.6 (-1, + 1.4)

-0.3 (-1.7, + 0.8)

 Within group p—value (Post–Pre)

0.01^b