Table 2 Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios for quality of care at admission, pre-delivery and immediate post-partum and per country
Crude Incidence rate ratio (IRR, 95% confidence interval) | Adjusted Incidence rate ratio (IRR, 95% confidence interval) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burkina Faso | ||||||
Variables | Admission (n = 532) | Before pushing | Soon after birth | Admission | Before pushing | Soon after birth |
User characteristics | ||||||
Maternal age | 0.99 (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) |
Maternal education (ref = None) | ||||||
Primary | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 0.93 (0.86–1.02) | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) |
Secondary/tertiary | 1.07 (0.96–1.18) | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) | 0.95 (0.86–1.04) |
Number of ever pregnancies | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) |
Four ANC visits (ref = No) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 1.09 (0.97–1.05) |
Provider characteristics | ||||||
Qualification (ref = midwives) | ||||||
Nurses | 0.91 (0.81–1.03) | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.81 (0.72–0.90) *** | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 0.96 (0.91–1.03) |
Other auxiliary staffs | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.88 (0.80–0.96) ** | 0.96 (0.91–0.99)* | 0.95 (0.89–1.00) |
Gender (ref = Male) | 0.94 (0.87–1.07) | 0.93 (0.90–0.98)** | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) ** | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.98 (0.92–1.03) |
Provider’s age | 1.02 (1.01–1.03)*** | 1.01 (1.00–1.01)** | 1.01 (0.99–1.01) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) ** | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02)** |
Years of working experience | 1.02 (1.01–1.02)*** | 1.01 (1.00–1.01)* | 1.01 (1.00–1.01)*** | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | – |
Facility characteristics | ||||||
Referral hospital (ref = PHCF) | 1.11 (1.04–1.19)** | 1.15 (1.09–1.20)*** | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 1.07 (0.96–1.20) | 1.02 (1.01–1.18)* | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) |
Rural location (ref = urban) | 0.88 (0.81–0.95)** | 0.91 (0.86–0.97)** | 0.90 (0.86–0.95)*** | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 0.92 (0.86–0.99)* | 0.97 (0.91–1.02) |
Full staff on duty at childbirth (ref = No) | 1.06 (0.99–1.15) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.02 (0.98–1.08) |
Facility has clean water (pipe) | 1.12 (1.05–1.21)** | 0.93 (0.89–0.97)** | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 0.95 (0.92–0.99)* | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) |
Health districts (ref = Kaya) | ||||||
Boulsa | 0.93 (0.84–1.01) | 1.13 (1.06–1.20)*** | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 1.14 (1.07–1.21) *** | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) |
Kongoussi | 0.68 (0.61–0.76)*** | 1.06 (1.01–1.12)* | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 0.66 (0.59–0.75) *** | 1.06 (0.99–1.12) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) |
Barsalogho | 0.76 (0.69–0.84)*** | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 0.94 (0.89–0.99)* | 0.75 (0.66–0.85) *** | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) * | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) |
Tougouri | 0.74 (0.68–0.81)*** | 0.83 (0.77–0.88)*** | 0.79 (0.74–0.84)*** | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) *** | 0.85 (0.79–0.91) *** | 0.81 (0.75–0.87)*** |
Côte d’Ivoire | ||||||
Variables | Admission (n = 627) | Before pushing | Soon after birth | Admission | Before pushing | Soon after birth |
User characteristics | ||||||
Maternal age | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) |
Maternal education (ref = None) | ||||||
Primary | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.94 (0.89–0.99)* | 1.00 (0.94–1.08) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) |
Secondary/tertiary | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.88 (0.82–0.96)* | 1.02 (0.92–1.15) | 1.10 (1.01–1.21)* | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) |
Missing | 0.93 (0.62–1.47) | 1.15 (1.07–1.22) | 1.10 (0.96–1.25) | 0.68 (0.53–0.86) | 1.15 (0.96–1.37) | 1.12 (0.87–143) |
Number of ever pregnancies | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.95 (0.90–0.99)* | 1.05 (1.00–1.09)* |
Four ANC visits (ref = No) | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 0.95 (0.86–1.01) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) |
Provider characteristics | ||||||
Qualification (ref = midwives) | ||||||
Nurses | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 0.92 (0.85–0.99)* | 0.89 (0.82–0.97)** | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.94 (0.80–1.11) | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) |
Other auxiliary staffs | ||||||
Gender Female (ref = Male) | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 1.12 (1.03–1.22)* | 1.14 (1.03–1.28)** | 1.04 (0.83–1.32) | 1.18 (0.93–1.48) | 1.19 (0.97–1.47) |
Provider’s age | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01)* | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
Years of working experience | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01)** | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02)* |
Facility characteristics | ||||||
Referral hospital (ref = PHCF) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91)*** | 1.10 (1.04_1.15)*** | 0.88 (0.82–0.94)*** | 0.77 (0.68–0.87) | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) * | 0.84 (0.77–0.93)*** |
Rural location (ref = urban) | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | 0.99 (0.94–1.06) |
Full staff on duty at childbirth (ref = No) | 1.04 (0.94–1.14) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) |
Facility has clean water (pipe) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) |
Health districts (ref = Adzopé) | ||||||
Akoupé | 0.85 (0.77–0.93)*** | 1.12 (1.03–1.22)** | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.86 (0.78–0.95)** | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) ** | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) |
Alepé | 1.24 (1.14–1.35)*** | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 1.15 (1.07–1.24)*** | 1.30 (1.18–1.43) *** | 1.11 (1.00–1.23)* | 1.19 (1.11–1.29)*** |
Tiassalé | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 1.17 (1.07–1.28)*** | 1.29 (1.19–1.41)*** | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 1.31 (1.15–1.49) *** | 1.37 (1.20–1.55)*** |
Agboville | 0.88 (0.82–0.96)** | 1.21 (1.11–1.31)*** | 1.01 (1.01–1.15)* | 0.85 (0.78–0.94) ** | 1.23 (1.13.-1.33) *** | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) |