Table 1 Characteristics of the sample, by class
Demographics | Total (n = 550) | Decreasing (n = 524, 95.3%) | Increasing (n = 26, 4.7%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n, %) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | |
Age | 28.7 (4.1) | 28.7 (4.1) | 29.4 (4.1) | |||
Location | ||||||
City | 192 (34.9) | 183 (34.9) | 9 (34.6) | |||
Rural | 358 (65.1) | 341 (65.1) | 17 (65.4) | |||
Years of education | ||||||
≤ 9 years | 72 (13.1) | 68 (13.0) | 4 (15.4) | |||
10–12 years | 119 (21.6) | 116 (22.1) | 3 (11.5) | |||
13–16 years | 359 (65.3) | 340 (64.9) | 19 (73.1) | |||
Monthly income | ||||||
<¥ 5000 | 117 (21.3) | 109 (20.8) | 8 (30.8) | |||
≥ ¥5000 | 433 (78.7) | 415 (79.2) | 18 (69.2) | |||
History of smoking | ||||||
No | 537 (97.6) | 514 (98.1) | 23 (88.5) | |||
Yes | 13 (2.4) | 10 (1.9) | 3 (11.5) | |||
History of alcohol | ||||||
No | 519 (95.3) | 497 (94.8) | 22 (84.6) | |||
Yes | 31 (4.7) | 27 (5.2) | 4 (15.4) | |||
Exercise during pregnancy | ||||||
No | 478 (86.9) | 455 (86.8) | 23 (88.5) | |||
Yes | 72 (13.1) | 69 (13.2) | 3 (11.5) | |||
Abortion | ||||||
No | 326 (59.3) | 310 (59.2) | 16 (61.5) | |||
Yes | 224 (40.7) | 214 (40.8) | 10 (38.5) | |||
Gestational diabetes | ||||||
No | 491 (89.3) | 475 (90.6) | 16 (61.5) | |||
Yes | 59 (10.7) | 49 (9.4) | 10 (38.5) | |||
Gestational hypertension | ||||||
No | 536 (97.5) | 512 (97.7) | 24 (92.3) | |||
Yes | 14 (2.5) | 12 (2.3) | 2 (7.7) | |||
Social support | 29.5 (3.8) | 29.7 (3.8) | 26.7 (3.4) | |||
Objective social support | 12.4 (2.1) | 12.5 (2.0) | 11.3 (2.5) | |||
Subjective social support | 9.4 (1.8) | 9.4 (1.8) | 8.6 (1.2) | |||
Availability of support | 7.7 (1.8) | 7.8 (1.9) | 7.1 (1.4) | |||
EPDS scores (T1) | 7.6 (3.7) | 7.6 (3.8) | 7.0 (2.1) | |||
EPDS scores (T2) | 6.4 (3.5) | 6.2 (3.3) | 10.5 (3.2) | |||
EPDS scores (T3) | 6.2 (4.5) | 5.4 (3.3) | 18.4 (4.5) | |||