Table 1 Baseline maternal characteristics (before14 gestational weeks) among participants with or without GDM
|  |  | Non-GDM (n=953) mean (SD)/n(%) | GDM (n=186) mean (SD)/n(%) | Z/χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age,(year) | Â | 31.10(4.35) | 32.22(4.77) | -2.693 | 0.007 |
Height,(cm) | Â | 163.04(4.52) | 163.11(4.73) | -0.572 | <0.568 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI,(kg/m2) | Â | 21.21(2.51) | 22.62(3.38) | -5.502 | <0.001 |
Abdomen circumference at the first trimester,(cm) | Â | 79.08(6.06) | 82.63(7.63) | -6.096 | <0.001 |
Systolic pressure,(mmHg) | Â | 115.06(10.18) | 115.51(10.40) | -1.087 | 0.277 |
Diastolic pressure,(mmHg) | Â | 71.17(7.11) | 71.43(7.46) | -0.620 | 0.535 |
Gravidity | Â | 1.88(1.00) | 2.14(1.08) | -3.210 | 0.001 |
Parity | Â | 0.47(0.52) | 0.54(0.55) | -1.415 | 0.157 |
Obstetric abnormality | Yes | 357(37.46) | 80(43.01) | 2.027 | 0.154 |
No | 596(62.54) | 106(56.99) | Â | Â | |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | Yes | 55(5.77) | 55(29.57) | 101.024 | <0.001 |
No | 898(94.23) | 131(70.43) | Â | Â | |
Irregular menstruation | Yes | 746(78.28) | 161(86.56) | 6.578 | 0.010 |
No | 207(21.72) | 25(13.44) | Â | Â | |
Family history of diabetes | Yes | 189(19.83) | 61(32.80) | 15.266 | <0.001 |
No | 764(80.17) | 125(67.20) | Â | Â | |
Gestational week at inclusion | Â | 15.41(2.99) | 15.38(3.80) | -0.769 | 0.442 |