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Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of participants by income (n = 183)

From: Exploring factors associated with pregnant women’s experiences of material hardship during COVID-19: a cross-sectional Qualtrics survey in the United States

Variable

Full sample (n = 183)

Income Level

Group differences p value

Less than $20,000 (n = 52)

$20,000 - $60,000 (n = 65)

More than $60,000 (n = 66)

M (SD)

F (%)

M (SD)

F (%)

M (SD)

F (%)

M (SD)

F (%)

Age

28.3 (5.9)

 

25.0 (5.8)

 

27.6 (5.3)

 

31.6 (4.8)

 

p ≤ .017

Race

        

NS

 Black/African American

 

18 (9.8)

 

6 (11.5)

 

7 (10.8)

 

5 (7.6)

 

 White

 

141 (77.0)

 

38 (73.1)

 

52 (80.0)

 

51 (77.3)

 

 Another

 

24 (13.1)

 

8 (15.4)

 

6 (9.2)

 

10 (15.2)

 

Latinx, % yes

 

42 (23.0)

 

10 (19.2)

 

21 (32.3)

 

11 (16.7)

NS

Opposite-sex relationship, % yes

 

151 (82.5)

 

33 (63.5)

 

54 (83.1)

 

64 (97.0)

p ≤ .017

Education level, % yes

        

p ≤ .006

 H.S. degree or lower

 

55 (30.1)

 

33 (63.5)

 

21 (32.3)

 

1 (1.5)

 

 Some college

 

52 (28.4)

 

18 (34.6)

 

24 (36.9)

 

10 (15.2)

 

 Bachelor’s degree or higher

 

76 (41.5)

 

1 (1.9)

 

20 (30.8)

 

55 (83.3)

 

Employed, % yes

 

117 (63.9)

 

17 (32.7)

 

29 (44.6)

 

60 (90.9)

p ≤ .008

Number of children

1.0 (1.1)

 

.9 (1.0)

 

1.1 (1.4)

 

.98 (1.0)

 

NS

Employment status changed due to the COVID pandemic, % yes

 

84 (45.9)

 

31 (59.6)

 

33(50.8)

 

20 (30.3)

p ≤ .008

Partner’s employment status changed due to the COVID pandemic, % yes

 

75 (41.0)

 

31 (59.6)

 

29 (44.6)

 

15 (22.7)

p ≤ .008

  1. Bonferroni adjustment was used to correct for multiple comparisons (2 or more)
  2. NS Not statistically significant