Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants by survey year

Antenatal care coverage

4,159

86.5

87.3

6,554

76.6

82.4

Skilled birth attendance coverage

3,686

76.7

74.2

6,361

74.4

85.2

Age

15-19

450

9.4

9.8

873

10.2

10.1

20-29

2,632

54.8

54.7

3,858

45.1

45.0

30-39

1,401

29.1

28.9

3,197

37.4

37.5

40-49

324

6.7

6.7

626

7.3

7.4

Educational attainment

Below primary

1,066

22.2

23.4

1,872

21.9

17.6

Primary

2,008

41.8

44.2

3,408

39.8

34.4

Secondary or higher

1,733

36.1

32.4

3,274

38.3

47.8

Marital status

Currently Single

622

13.1

13.3

1,108

13.0

15.1

Married or living with a partner

4,137

86.9

86.7

7,446

87.0

84.9

Residential region

Rural

3,100

64.9

74.6

6,287

73.5

61.6

Urban

1,707

35.1

25.3

2,267

26.5

38.4

Wealth index group

Poorest

951

19.5

22.3

2,873

33.6

24.3

Poorer

962

20.0

21.9

2,270

26.5

21.6

Middle

939

19.7

20.3

1,713

20.0

19.7

Wealthier

1,069

22.2

19.7

1,160

13.6

19.4

Wealthiest

886

18.4

15.8

538

6.3

14.9

Province

Bandundu

417

8.7

11.0

840

9.8

12.0

Bas Congo

346

7.2

6.0

263

3.1

6.2

Equateur

477

9.9

12.1

1,665

19.5

6.5

Kasai Occidental

453

9.4

6.3

759

8.9

8.7

Kasai Oriental

462

9.6

8.2

1,129

13.2

8.6

Katanga

552

11.5

18.3

1,422

16.6

17.0

Kinshasa

372

7.7

9.1

255

3.0

10.2

Nord Kivu

453

9.4

8.7

339

4.0

8.3

Sud Kivu

484

10.1

8.2

389

4.5

8.9

Maniema

424

8.8

2.9

324

3.8

1.4

Province Orientale

367

7.6

9.2

1,169

13.7

12.2

Household head’s sex

Male

4,193

87.2

87.5

6,514

76.2

75.9

Female

614

12.8

12.5

2,040

23.8

24.1