Table 2 Associations of sociodemographic and obstetric variables with fear of childbirth and depressive symptoms
Variables | Total | Fear of childbirth (W-DEQ-A) | Depressive symptoms (EPDS) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No fear (≤65) | Fear (≥ 66) | P-value | No Depessive symptoms (< 10) | Depressive symptoms (≥ 10) | Pvalue | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Index pregnancy variables (n = 694) | |||||||
 Age group |  |  |  | 0.371 |  |  | 0.235 |
  ≤ 20 years | 139 (100) | 113 (81.3) | 26 (18.7) |  | 118 (84.9) | 21 (15.1) |  |
  21–30 years | 358 (100) | 305 (85.2) | 53 (14.8) |  | 286 (79.9) | 72 (20.1) |  |
  ≥ 31 years | 197 (100) | 171 (86.8) | 26 (13.2) |  | 167 (84.8) | 30 (15.2) |  |
 Education level |  |  |  | 0.121 |  |  | 0.056 |
  No formal education | 137 (100) | 116 (84.7) | 21 (15.3) |  | 116 (84.7) | 21 (15.3) |  |
  Primary education | 429 (100) | 357 (83.2) | 72 (16.8) |  | 359 (83.7) | 70 (16.3) |  |
  Secondary and higher | 128 (100) | 116 (90.6) | 12 (9.4) |  | 96 (75.0) | 32 (25.0) |  |
 Occupation |  |  |  | 0.446 |  |  | 0.687 |
  Employed | 490 (100) | 419 (85.5) | 71 (14.5) |  | 405 (82.7) | 85 (17.3) |  |
  Not employed | 204 (100) | 170 (83.3) | 34 (16.7) |  | 166 (81.4) | 38 (18.6) |  |
 Marital status |  |  |  | 0.048 |  |  | 0.003 |
  Married | 581(100) | 500 (86.1) | 81 (13.9) |  | 489 (84.2) | 92 (15.8) |  |
  Single | 113 (100) | 89 (78.8) | 24 (21.2) |  | 82 (72.6) | 31 (27.4) |  |
 Income |  |  |  | 0.286 |  |  | 0.001 |
  Adequate | 304 (100) | 263 (86.5) | 41 (13.5) |  | 267 (87.8) | 37 (12.2) |  |
  Inadequate | 390 (100) | 326 (83.6) | 64 (16.4) |  | 304 (77.9) | 86 (22.1) |  |
 Gravidity |  |  |  | 0.244 |  |  | 0.551 |
  Primigravida | 161 (100) | 132 (82.0) | 29 (18.0) |  | 135 (23.6) | 26 (21.1) |  |
  Multigravida | 533 (100) | 457 (85.7) | 76 (14.3) |  | 436 (76.4) | 97 (78.9) |  |
 Parity |  |  |  | 0.244 |  |  | 0.196 |
  Nulliparous | 347 (100) | 289 (83.3) | 58 (16.7) |  | 279 (80.4) | 68 (19.6) |  |
  Parous | 347 (100) | 300 (86.5) | 47 (13.5) |  | 292 (84.1) | 55 (15.9) |  |
 Pregnancy status |  |  |  | 0.693 |  |  | 0.165 |
  Planned | 471 (100) | 398 (84.5) | 73 (15.5) |  | 381 (80.9) | 90 (19.1) |  |
  Unplanned | 223 (100) | 191 (85.7) | 32 (14.3) |  | 190 (85.2) | 33 (14.8) |  |
 DS during pregnancy |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
  No | 571 (100) | 503 (88.1) | 68 (11.9) |  | NA |  |  |
  Yes | 123 (100) | 86 (69.9) | 37 (30.1) |  | NA |  |  |
 FoB during pregnancy |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  No | 589 (100) | NA |  |  | 503 (85.4) | 86 (14.6) |  |
  Yes | 105 (100) | NA |  |  | 68 (64.8) | 37 (35.2) |  |
Previous birth and pregnancy variables (n = 504) | |||||||
 Social support from a male partner in previous childbirth |  |  |  | 0.043 |  |  | 0.311 |
  Yes | 376 (100) | 328 (87.2) | 48 (12.8) |  | 309 (82.2) | 67 (17.8) |  |
  No | 128 (100) | 103 (80.5) | 25 (19.5) |  | 100 (78.1) | 28 (21.9) |  |
 Previous perineal tear |  |  |  | 0.228 |  |  | 0.006 |
  Yes | 130 (100) | 107 (82.3) | 23 (17.7) |  | 95 (73.1) | 35 (26.9) |  |
  No | 374 (100) | 324 (86.6) | 50 (13.4) |  | 314 (84.0) | 60 (16.0) |  |
 Ever experienced obstetric complications |  |  |  | 0.007 |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Yes | 141 (100) | 111 (78.7) | 30 (21.3) |  | 104 (73.8) | 37 (26.2) |  |
  No | 363 (100) | 320 (88.2) | 43 (11.8) |  | 305 (84.0) | 53(16.0) |  |