The impact of oral carbohydrate-rich supplement taken two hours before caesarean delivery on maternal and neonatal perioperative outcomes -- a randomized clinical trial

Table 3 Impacts of preoperative Ch-R supplements on maternal postoperative biochemical indices and neonatal glucose level

	Ch-R group				Placebo group				Fasting group
	Unadjusted		Adjusted		Unadjusted		Adjusted
	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P
Maternal biochemical indices
Glucose (mmol/L)	−0.18 (− 0.52 to 0.16)	0.292	− 0.15 (− 0.49 to 0.18)	0.363	− 0.06 (− 0.40 to 0.29)	0.750	− 0.11 (− 0.44 to 0.23)	0.527	Reference
Insulin (mU/L)	−3.4 (−5.7 to −1.2)	0.003	−3.5 (− 5.5 to − 1.6)	0.001	−0.07 (−2.4 to 2.2)	0.951	0.08 (− 1.8 to 2.0)	0.931	Reference
HOMA-IR	−0.72 (− 1.2 to − 0.24)	0.004	−0.74 (− 1.2 to − 0.34)	< 0.001	−0.01 (− 0.49 to 0.48)	0.975	−0.02 (− 0.42 to 0.38)	0.913	Reference
Neonatal biochemical indices
Glucose (mmol/L)	0.37 (0.15 to 0.59)	0.001	0.40 (0.17 to 0.62)	0.001	0.09 (−0.13 to 0.32)	0.413	0.12 (−0.10 to 0.35)	0.288	Reference

Data are expressed as β [95% confidence interval (CI)]. The Ch-R group and the placebo group were respectively compared with the fasting group. Women in the Ch-R group received 400 ml oral Ch-R solution 2 hours before the surgery. Women in the placebo group took 400 ml clear water 2 hours before the surgery. Women in the fasting group received preoperative fasting. Maternal postoperative biochemical indices were adjusted for relevant preoperative indices, age, BMI and the duration of the surgery. Neonatal glucose level was adjusted for sex and birth weight. Ch-R carbohydrate-rich, CRP C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance

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