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Table 3 Mid-pregnancy plasma concentrations of inflammatory, angiogenic, and metabolic proteins and gestational weight gain percent adequacy in a cohort of pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2001-2004a,b

From: Plasma concentrations of leptin at mid-pregnancy are associated with gestational weight gain among pregnant women in Tanzania: a prospective cohort study

 

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

P-trendc

n

Mean difference (95% CI)

n

Mean difference (95% CI)

n

Mean difference (95% CI)

n

Mean difference (95% CI)

 

Ang-1

250

0.00 (Reference)

250

6.30 (−0.44, 13.03)

251

1.47 (−5.22, 8.16)

250

4.88 (−1.86, 11.62)

0.4

Ang-2

250

0.00 (Reference)

250

−3.47 (−10.16, 3.21)

251

−2.25 (−8.95, 4.44)

250

−0.76 (−7.49, 5.98)

0.9

Angptl3

249

0.00 (Reference)

249

2.36 (−4.33, 9.05)

249

0.98 (−5.71, 7.67)

249

1.20 (−5.51, 7.91)

0.9

VEGF-A

235

0.00 (Reference)

263

−6.52 (−13.23, 0.18)

251

−4.01 (−10.84, 2.82)

249

−3.02 (−9.80, 3.76)

0.9

sFlt-1

241

0.00 (Reference)

242

−0.60 (−6.13, 7.33)

242

0.87 (−5.89, 7.63)

242

1.31 (−5.44, 8.05)

0.7

sTNFR2

249

0.00 (Reference)

250

−2.51 (−9.23, 4.22)

250

−0.36 (−7.06, 6.34)

250

−3.73 (−10.46, 3.00)

0.4

PGF

237

0.00 (Reference)

238

−4.24 (−11.01, 2.53)

238

−1.84 (−8.64, 4.95)

237

0.60 (−6.24, 7.45)

0.5

MIPβ/CCL4

245

0.00 (Reference)

246

0.34 (−6.43, 7.11)

246

−0.85 (−7.61, 5.91)

245

0.05 (−6.77, 6.87)

1.0

MCP-1/CCL2

247

0.00 (Reference)

248

−1.73 (−8.48, 5.03)

248

−2.74 (−9.46, 3.97)

247

−1.60 (−8.36, 5.15)

0.9

Leptin

249

0.00 (Reference)

251

3.45 (−3.23, 10.12)

251

6.89 (0.12, 13.66)

250

10.24 (3.31, 17.16)

0.003

IL-1β

105

0.00 (Reference)

88

4.45 (−6.72, 15.63)

97

5.46 (−5.60, 16.52)

96

−4.20 (−15.19, 6.79)

0.2

IL-18 BP

250

0.00 (Reference)

251

−4.60 (−11.28, 2.08)

251

−2.79 (−9.49, 3.90)

250

−4.85 (− 11.56, 1.87)

0.3

sICAM1

250

0.00 (Reference)

250

−4.45 (−11.16, 2.26)

252

−4.87 (−11.57, 1.83)

250

−3.66 (− 10.35, 3.03)

0.4

Factor D

94

0.00 (Reference)

94

−1.71 (− 13.04, 9.61)

95

5.88 (−5.46, 17.22)

94

3.70 (−7.93, 15.32)

0.4

sEng

250

0.00 (Reference)

250

3.62 (−3.04, 10.29)

251

−0.10 (−6.78, 6.58)

250

2.62 (−4.10, 9.33)

0.7

CRP

93

0.00 (Reference)

93

−2.76 (−14.16, 8.64)

93

−5.67 (−16.95, 5.61)

93

−0.94 (− 12.34, 10.45)

0.9

CHI3L1

250

0.00 (Reference)

251

−3.00 (−9.65, 3.65)

251

−0.73 (−7.40, 5.93)

250

7.02 (0.31, 13.72)

0.007

C5a

247

0.00 (Reference)

248

2.01 (−4.66, 8.67)

248

4.27 (−2.40, 10.94)

248

2.51 (−4.17, 9.19)

0.7

  1. a Estimates were obtained from linear models comparing the upper three quartiles to the lowest quartile. Ang-1 angiopoietin-1; Ang-2 angiopoietin-2; Angptl3 angiopoietin-like 3; C5a complement component C5a; CHI3L1 chitinase-3-like protein-1; CI confidence interval; CRP C-reactive protein; Factor D complement factor D; IL-18 BP interleukin-18 binding protein; IL-1β interleukin-1 beta; MCP-1/CCL2 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MIPβ/CCL4 macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta; PGF placental growth factor; sEng soluble endoglin; sFlt-1 soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1; sICAM1 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sTNFR2 soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2; VEGF-A vascular endothelial growth factor
  2. b All models were adjusted for maternal age at enrollment (years), maternal education level (0 to 4 years, 5 to 7 years, 8 to 11 years, and ≥ 12 years), marital status (married or not), maternal occupation (employed or not), household wealth index (quintiles), total energy intake (kcal/d), intervention assignment (multiple micronutrient supplementation or control), and first-trimester BMI category (underweight, normal-weight, or overweight/obese). Missing data on maternal occupation and total energy intake were accounted for by using the missing indicator method
  3. c Computed by assigning the median concentration of each quartile to participants in the corresponding quartile as a continuous variable
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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