Table 3 Chi-square analysis of socio-demographic characteristics with PNC of the respondents in Mangochi, Malawi (n = 600)
Variables | PNC Service Utilization (%) | Chi-statistic (χ2) | P-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Yes | No | 3.03 | 0.55 |
 15–19 | 83.7 | 16.3 | ||
 20–24 | 84.0 | 16.0 | ||
 25–29 | 85.0 | 15.0 | ||
 30–34 | 83.3 | 16.7 | ||
 35+ | 92.7 | 7.3 | ||
Marital status | ||||
 Single | 81.4 | 18.6 | 1.47 | 0.63 |
 Married | 85.5 | 14.5 | ||
 Divorced/Widowed | 82.1 | 17.9 | ||
Respondent’s education level | ||||
 None | 75.8 | 24.2 | 11.78 | 0.00 |
 Primary | 86.1 | 13.9 | ||
 Secondary & above | 92.0 | 8.0 | ||
Partner’s education level | ||||
 None | 75.3 | 24.7 | 8.48 | 0.01 |
 Primary | 86.5 | 13.5 | ||
 Secondary & above | 87.9 | 12.1 | ||
Occupation of respondent | ||||
 None | 92.6 | 7.4 | 8.65 | 0.03 |
 House wife | 77.1 | 22.9 | ||
 Business | 82.3 | 17.7 | ||
 Farmer | 84.0 | 16.0 | ||
Occupation of partner | ||||
 None | 78.5 | 21.5 | 10.67 | 0.01 |
 Farmer | 83.3 | 16.7 | ||
 Business | 91.3 | 8.7 | ||
 Civil servant | 91.2 | 8.8 | ||
Household Income | Yes | No | Â | Â |
  < K20,000 | 70.4 | 29.6 | 68.49 | 0.00 |
 K20,000-K50,000 | 88.5 | 11.5 | ||
 K50,000-K150,000 | 96.6 | 3.4 | ||
  > K150,000 | 94.4 | 5.6 | ||
Distance to Health facility | ||||
 0–2 Kilometers | 87.2 | 12.8 | 3.44 | 0.33 |
 3–5 Kilometers | 84.0 | 16.0 | ||
 6–10 Kilometers | 90.3 | 9.7 | ||
  > 10 Kilometers | 82.3 | 17.7 | ||
Decision making | ||||
 Self | 77.9 | 22.1 | 9.21 | 0.03 |
 Husband | 87.1 | 12.9 | ||
 Joint | 85.9 | 14.1 | ||
 Other | 90.2 | 9.8 | ||
Family size | ||||
 2–4 (Small) | 83.7 | 16.3 | 1.94 | 0.38 |
 5–6 (Medium) | 83.9 | 16.1 | ||
  > 6 (Big) | 88.8 | 11.2 | ||