Table 2 Maternal metabolic rate and substrate metabolism^a

Baseline/Fasted

Respiratory Quotient*

0.84 ± 0.07

0.85 ± 0.04

0.78 ± 0.05†

0.006* (0.034–0.491)

Resting Metabolic Rate per Kilogram Fat Free Mass (kilocalories/day)

27.27 ± 3.20

28.31 ± 4.29

31.97 ± 5.91

0.097 (0.000-0.354)

Lipid Oxidation (grams/minute)*

0.0586 ± 0.0273

0.0569 ± 0.0238

0.1019 ± 0.0416†‡

0.003* (0.051–0.515)

Lipid Oxidation per Kilogram Fat Free Mass (grams/minute)*

0.0012 ± 0.0006

0.0010 ± 0.0004

0.0017 ± 0.0007†

0.014* (0.012–0.460)

Postprandial (2-hour)

Respiratory Quotient*

0.83 ± 0.07

0.83 ± 0.04

0.77 ± 0.05†

0.015* (0.011–0.448)

Resting Metabolic Rate per Kilogram Fat Free Mass (kilocalories/day)

34.31 ± 1.93

33.31 ± 4.66

37.38 ± 5.74

0.116 (0.000-0.342)

Lipid Oxidation (grams/minute)*

0.0764 ± 0.0284

0.0782 ± 0.0296

0.1300 ± 0.0490†‡

0.003* (0.052–0.516)

Lipid Oxidation per Kilogram Fat Free Mass (grams/minute)*

0.0014 ± 0.0007

0.0013 ± 0.0005

0.0021 ± 0.0008†

0.012* (0.015–0.466)

Postprandial (4-hour)

Respiratory Quotient*

0.81 ± 0.06

0.83 ± 0.04

0.73 ± 0.05†‡

< 0.001* (0.160–0.620)

Resting Metabolic Rate per Kilogram Fat Free Mass (kilocalories/day)

33.47 ± 4.60

32.72 ± 6.51

35.40 ± 4.87

0.501 (0.000-0.212)

Lipid Oxidation (grams/minute)*

0.0863 ± 0.0291

0.0800 ± 0.0259

0.1454 ± 0.0475†‡

< 0.001* (0.0143–0.606)

Lipid Oxidation per Kilogram Fat Free Mass (grams/minute)*

0.0016 ± 0.0007

0.0014 ± 0.0004

0.0024 ± 0.0008†

0.002* (0.076–0.551)