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Table 3 Percent of hospitals that provided cesarean delivery in the last 3 months, and among those, characteristics of readiness, by managing authority and year of assessment

From: Cesarean delivery rates, hospital readiness and quality of clinical management in Ethiopia: national results from two cross-sectional emergency obstetric and newborn care assessments

 

Total number of hospitals

Managing authority

Public

Private for-profit

Not-for-profit

2008

2016

2008

2016

2008

2016

2008

2016

n = 111

n = 316

n = 90

n = 236

n = 15

n = 61

n = 6

n = 19

Performed CD in last 3 months

78%

80%

73%

80%

100%

85%

100%

68%

 

n = 87

n = 253

n = 66

n = 188

n = 15

n = 52

n = 6

n = 13

Hospital has HR for surgerya

 Ob/gyn

72%

50%

68%

36%

100%

96%

50%

77%

 General surgeon

39%

9%

41%

9%

27%

4%

67%

46%

 Medical doctor

29%

6%

35%

6%

7%

2%

17%

8%

 ESOs

na

63%

na

80%

na

6%

na

39%

 Health officer

9%

2%

11%

2%

0%

0%

17%

0%

 Midwife

3%

0%

3%

1%

7%

0%

0%

0%

 Nurse

2%

0%

3%

1%

0%

0%

0%

0%

 At least one person can provide

98%

99%

97%

100%

100%

96%

100%

100%

Hospital has HR for anesthesiaa

 Anesthesiologist/anesthetist

91%

na

91%

na

87%

na

100%

na

 Anesthesiologist

na

13%

na

10%

na

25%

na

8%

 Anesthetist

na

95%

na

94%

na

96%

na

100%

 Other professionalb

30%

3%

29%

3%

33%

2%

33%

8%

 At least one person can provide

95%

100%

95%

100%

93%

100%

100%

100%

Hospital has anesthesia and equipment

 Anesthetic vaporizer

79%

88%

79%

85%

87%

96%

67%

100%

 Halothane

84%

87%

83%

86%

87%

89%

83%

85%

 Ketamine

94%

85%

94%

84%

93%

90%

100%

85%

 Lignocaine/lidocaine 4%c

95%

19%

97%

18%

87%

15%

100%

46%

 Bupivacaine

na

76%

na

73%

na

83%

na

85%

 Oxygen cylinder, manometer, flowmeter, tubes, connectors

94%

98%

94%

98%

100%

96%

83%

100%

 Operating table

97%

100%

96%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

 Adjustable shadowless overhead light

90%

94%

86%

92%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Met readiness requirementsd

72%

86%

70%

85%

87%

97%

67%

68%

OT with electricity at visite

99%

92%

100%

94%

100%

94%

83%

100%

OT with water at visit

99%

89%

99%

86%

100%

94%

100%

100%

  1. na not applicable/not included in 2008, CD cesarean delivery, ob/gyn obstetrician/gynecologist, HR human resources, OT operating theater, ESOs emergency surgical officers
  2. a The 2016 human resource module was worded differently from 2008 and additional questions were used
  3. b Ob/gyns, pediatricians, medical doctors, general surgeons, ESOs, health officers and nurses
  4. c In 2008, the question asked about lidocaine 1 or 2%
  5. d Defined as [at least 1 professional to conduct operation + 1 for anesthesia] AND [EITHER an anesthesia machine + halothane or ketamine OR regional anesthesia (lignocaine/lidocaine 4% or bupivacaine)] AND [an oxygen cylinder with manometer, flowmeter, tubes and connectors + an operating table + overhead light]
  6. e In 2008, the question referred to functioning power in the facility on day of interview, not the OT