Table 1 Sociodemographic, maternal obstetric/medical and bivariate analysis of factors associated with postpartum depression

Social-Demographic Factors

 Health facility

0.260

  Bwizibwera

93 (32.8)

63 (67.7)

30 (32.3)

1.0

  Kinoni

47 (16.1)

33 (70.2)

14 (29.8)

0.9 (0.42 – 1.91)

  MRRH

152 (52.1)

117 (77.0)

35 (23.0)

0.6 (0.35 – 1.12)

 ^cResidence

0.005

  Rural

99 (33.9)

62 (62.6)

37 (37.4)

2.1 (1.26 – 3.65)

  Urban

193 (66.1)

151 (78.2)

42 (21.8)

1.0

 Age (years)

0.175

   < 20

16 (5.5)

8 (50.0)

8 (50.0)

3.4 (1.16 – 10.16)

  20–24

102 (34.9)

79 (77.5)

23(22.6)

1.0

  25–34

132 (45.2)

95 (72.0)

37 (28.0)

1.3 (0.73 – 2.44)

  35–49

42 (14.4)

31 (73.8)

11 (26.2)

1.2 (0.53 – 2.79)

 Tribe

0.155

  Munyankore

223 (76.4)

159 (71.3)

64 (28.7)

1.0

  Muganda

18 (6.2)

11 (61.1)

7 (38.9)

1.6 (0.59 – 4.26)

  Mukiga

31 (10.6)

26 (83.9)

5 (16.1)

0.5 (0.18 – 1.30)

  Others

20 (6.8)

17 (85.0)

3 (15.0)

0.4 (0.12 – 1.55)

 Education

0.281

  None

4 (1.4)

2 (50.0)

32 (33.0)

1.0

  Primary

97 (33.2)

65 (67.0)

25 (23.6)

0.5 (0.67 – 3.66)

  Secondary

106 (36.3)

81 (76.4)

20 (23.5)

0.3 (0.41 – 2.31)

  Tertiary

85 (29.1)

65 (76.5)

79 (27.1)

0.3 (0.41 – 2.33)

 Marital status

0.467

  Unmarried

14 (4.8)

9 (64.3)

5 (35.7)

1.0

  Married

278 (95.2)

204 (73.4)

74 (26.6)

0.7 (0.21 – 2.01)

 Religion

0.415

  Catholic

93 (31.8)

2 (50.0)

2 (50.0)

1.0

  Protestant

145 (49.7)

65 (67.0)

65 (67.0)

0.9 (0.52 – 1.73)

  Moslem

24 (8.2)

81 (76.4)

81 (76.4)

1.2 (0.44 – 3.20)

  Others

30 (10.3)

65 (76.5)

65 (76.5)

1.9 (0.81 – 4.55)

 Occupation

0.096

  Unemployed

60 (20.5)

46 (76.7)

14 (23.3)

1.0

  Business

114 (39.0)

87 (76.3)

27 (23.7)

1.0 (0.49 – 2.13)

  Subsistence farmer

57 (19.5)

35 (61.4)

22 (38.6)

2.1 (0.93 – 4.60)

  Professional

51 (17.5)

40 (78.4)

11 (21.6)

0.9 (0.37 – 2.21)

  Manual labourer

10 (3.4)

5 (50.0)

5 (50.0)

3.3 (0.83 – 13.01)

 Housing

0.127

  Temporary

232 (79.5)

174 (75.0)

58 (25.0)

1.0

  Permanent

60 (20.5)

39 (65.0)

21 (35.0)

1.6 (0.88 – 2.97)

Maternal Medical Factors

 ^cHIV status

0.002

  Positive

51 (17.5)

28 (54.9)

23 (45.1)

2.7 (1.45 – 5.08)

  Negative

241 (82.5)

185 (76.8)

56 (23.2)

1.0

 ^cKnown HIV status of husband^b

0.042

  No

33 (11.3)

19 (57.6)

14 (42.4)

2.2 (1.04 – 4.63)

  Yes

259 (88.7)

194 (74.9)

65 (25.1)

1.0

 Chronic medical conditions

0.193

  No

272 (93.2)

201 (73.9)

71 (26.1)

1.0

  Yes

20 (6.8)

12 (60.0)

8 (40.0)

1.9 (0.74 – 4.81)

 Number of children

0.380

  1

108 (37.0)

81 (75.0)

27 (25.0)

1.0

  2–4

152 (52.1)

112 (73.7)

40 (26.3)

1.1 (0.61 – 1.89)

  5 or more

32 (11.0)

20 (62.5)

12 (37.5)

1.8 (0.77 – 4.16)

 Deceased children

0.407

  None

261 (89.4)

188 (72.0)

73 (28.0)

1.0

  Less than half

16 (5.5)

12 (75.0)

4 (25.0)

0.9 (0.27 – 2.75)

  More than half

15 (5.1)

13 (86.7)

2 (13.3)

0.4 (0.09 – 1.80)

 Birth place recent pregnancy^a

0.255

  Health facility

283 (96.9)

208 (73.5)

75 (26.5)

1.0

  Not health facility

9 (3.1)

5 (55.6)

4 (44.4)

2.2 (0.58 – 8.48)

 ^cComplication in recent pregnancy

0.015

  No

238 (81.5)

181 (76.1)

57 (24.0)

1.0

  Yes

54 (18.5)

32 (59.3)

22 (40.7)

2.2 (1.18 – 4.05)

 Mode of birth in recent pregnancy

0.959

  Vaginal birth

236 (80.8)

172 (72.9)

64 (27.1)

1.0

  Caesarian section

56 (19.2)

41 (73.2)

15 (26.8)

1.0 (0.51 – 1.90)