Table 3 Associations between lifestyle behaviours and adverse pregnancy outcome

 Underweight (<18.5 kg/m²)

1.18 (0.66-2.12)

1.22 (0.67 - 2.23)

0.43 (0.11-1.74)

0.44 (0.11-1.82)

0.86 (0.20-3.68)

0.92 (0.21-4.04)

1.07 (0.32-3.60)

1.10 (0.32-3.79)

2.65 (1.23-5.74)

2.64 (1.17-5.96)

 Normal weight (18.5-25 kg/m²)

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 Overweight (25-30 kg/m²)

1.65 (1.35-2.03)

1.61 (1.31 - 1.99)

2.18 (1.5-2.89)

2.17 (1.63-2.89)

2.59 (1.77-3.80)

2.38 (1.60-3.54)

1.01 (0.63-1.61)

0.99 (0.61-1.60)

0.89 (0.52-1.51)

0.84 (0.48-1.46)

 Obese (>30 kg/m²)

2.96 (2.31-3.80)

2.85 (2.20 - 3.68)

3.83 (2.72-5.38)

3.80 (2.68-5.40)

7.18 (4.74 - 10.89)

6.85 (4.39-10.71)

0.85 (0.37-1.93)

0.82 (0.36 - 1.85)

1.29 (0.67-2.50)

1.16 (0.59 - 2.31)

 no preconception use

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 smoked, quit prenatal

1.48 (1.16-1.87)

1.32 (1.03 - 1.70)

1.52 (1.08-2.14)

1.33 (0.94-1.90)

1.33 (0.87-2.05)

1.24 (0.79-1.95)

1.93 (1.19-3.13)

1.76 (1.05-2.93)

1.38 (0.75-2.53)

1.14 (0.59-2.21)

 smoked, did not quit prenatal

1.41 (1.03-1.94)

1.23 (0.86-1.75)

1.03 (0.61-1.72)

0.88 (0.52-1.50)

1.17 (0.64-2.13)

1.05 (0.55-2.02)

1.91 (1.04-3.49)

1.83 (0.91-3.65)

2.47 (1.45-4.21)

1.91 (1.05 - 1.15)

 no preconception use

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 used alcohol, quit prenatal

0.85 (0.70-1.02)

0.84 (0.69 - 1.03)

0.94 (0.72-1.24)

0.87 (0.65-1.15)

0.51 (0.37-0.71)

0.65 (0.46-0.93)

1.03 (0.71-1.51)

0.89 (0.60-1.34)

0.88 (0.60-1.31)

0.88 (0.57-1.36)

 used alcohol, did not quit prenatal^c

0.58 (0.17-1.92)

0.57 (0.17-1.94)

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 no preconception use

1.28 (0.98-1.65)

1.28 (0.97-1.69)

1.26 (0.87-1.81)

1.48 (1.00-2.18)

1.33 (0.84-2.11)

0.97 (0.58-1.62)

1.02 (0.54-1.92)

1.18 (0.59-2.35)

1.51 (0.86-2.63)

1.41 (0.75-2.64)

 only prenatal

0.96 (0.79-1.17)

1.01 (0.82-1.25)

0.85 (0.63-1.14)

0.95 (0.70-1.31)

0.93 (0.65-1.33)

0.96 (0.66-1.40)

0.99 (0.65-1.50)

1.10 (0.70-1.71)

1.17 (0.77-1.76)

1.26 (0.81-1.96)

 preconception and prenatal

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 no preconception use

1.19 (0.96-1.48)

1.19 (0.95-1.50)

1.26 (0.93-1.72)

1.36 (0.99-1.87)

1.05 (0.71-1.55)

0.91 (0.60-1.38)

0.92 (0.58-1.45)

0.95 (0.59-1.54)

1.53 (0.94-2.47)

1.48 (0.88-2.49)

 only prenatal

0.90 (0.72-1.11)

0.89 (0.72-1.12)

0.85 (0.61-1.17)

0.86 (0.61-1.20)

0.95 (0.64-1.39)

0.99 (0.67-1.46)

0.78 (0.50-1.22)

0.78 (0.49-1.22)

0.87 (0.53-1.44)

0.87 (0.53-1.46)

 preconception and prenatal

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Fruit

 daily fruit intake < 2 pieces

0.91 (0.76-1.08)

0.84 (0.70-1.01)

0.87 (0.73-1.14)

0.79 (0.60-1.04)

0.96 (0.69-1.32)

0.92 (0.66-1.29)

1.08 (0.74-1.59)

0.96 (0.64-1.44)

0.84 (0.58-1.21)

0.72 (0.49-1.06)

 daily fruit intake ≥ 2 pieces

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