Table 5 The bi-variable and multivariable mixed effect logistic regression analysis of stillbirth among reproductive age women in the 12 East African countries

Residence

 Urban

29,872

236

1

1

 Rural

107,359

1335

1.53 (1.35, 1.75)

1.29 (0.98, 1.54)

Country

 Kenya

19,487

77

1

1

 Burundi

13,300

311

5.66 (4.42, 7.26)

5.41 (4.17, 7.02)^*

 Ethiopia

10,939

84

2.32 (1.73, 3.12)

2.35 (1.71, 3.22)^*

 Comoros

3222

13

1.44 (0.86, 2.41)

1.45 (0.86, 2.44)

 Madagascar

12,524

162

3.17 (2.42, 4.15)

3.21 (2.44, 4.22)^*

 Malawi

17,217

178

2.36 (1.81, 3.08)

2.13 (1.61, 2.80)^*

 Mozambique

11,612

92

2.18 (1.62, 2.94)

2.25 (1.65, 3.07)^*

 Rwanda

7881

122

4.07 (3.07, 5.41)

3.22 (2.41, 4.31)^*

 Tanzania

9891

161

4.94 (3.81, 6.42)

4.89 (3.76, 6.36)^*

 Uganda

15,040

230

3.91 (3.03, 5.04)

4.10 (3.17, 5.30)^*

 Zambia

9745

96

2.75 (2.06, 3.68)

3.20 (2.38, 4.31)^*

 Zimbabwe

6374

44

1.99 (1.39, 2.86)

2.13 (1.47, 3.08)^*

Maternal age

 15–24

41,168

515

1

1

 25–34

65,278

792

0.98 (0.88, 1.09)

1.27 (1.11, 1.45)^**

  ≥ 35

30,785

265

0.76 (0.65, 0.87)

1.19 (1.01, 1.44)^*

Maternal education

 No

33,056

392

1

1

 Primary

72,912

898

1.01 (0.89, 1.13)

0.91 (0.80, 1.04)

 Secondary or above

31,263

281

0.76 (0.65, 0.88)

0.68 (0.56, 0.82)*

Respondent occupation status

 No

44,237

380

1

1

 Yes

92,995

1192

1.31 (1.17, 1.46)

1.09 (0.96, 1.23)

Wealth status

 Rich

48,396

492

1

1

 Middle

26,494

326

1.17 (1.02, 1.35)

1.09 (0.93, 1.27)

 Poor

62,341

735

1.08 (0.96, 1.21)

1.07 (1.02, 1.23)^*

Media exposure

 yes

48,162

538

1

1

 No

89,070

1032

1.29 (1.23, 1.36)

1.11 (1.01, 1.25^*

Marital status

 Married

117,235

1378

1

1

 Single

6450

32

2.43 (1.72, 3.44)

3.24 (2.27, 4.63)^**

 Divorced/widowed/separated

13,547

161

2.39 (1.64, 3.49)

2.99 (2.04, 4.39)^*

Place of delivery

 Home

37,654

350

1

1

 Health facility

99,577

1221

1.25 (1.12, 1.41)

1.05 (0.91, 1.21)

Parity

 1

21,804

369

1

1

 2–4

70,872

838

1.42 (1.31, 1.54)

0.72 (0.62, 0.84)^**

  ≥ 5

44,558

343

1.77 (1.63, 1.92)

0.43 (0.34, 0.53)^*

Number of ANC visit

 No

6069

58

1

1

 1–3

39,312

479

1.48 (1.28, 1.71)

0.91 (0.68, 1.22)

  ≥ 4

91,850

1035

1.50 (1.30, 1.73)

0.89 (0.67, 1.18)

Mode of delivery

 Vaginal

129,345

1413

1

1

 Caesarean section

7887

158

1.35 (1.24, 1.48)

1.81 (1.52, 2.15)^*

Preceding birth interval (in months)

 25–48

58,023

568

1

1

  < 24

18,828

134

1.19 (1.10, 1.28)

1.15 (1.06, 1.24)^*

  ≥ 49

60,380

869

1.06 (0.99, 1.15)

1.45 (1.28, 1.65)^**