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Table 2 Distribution of key characteristics across sampled health facilities by implementation group and time point

From: Implementation of a performance-based financing scheme in Malawi and resulting externalities on the quality of care of non-incentivized services

 

Baseline

Midline (Year 1)

Endline (Year 2)

No PBF

Phase 1

Phase 2

No PBF

Phase 1

Phase 2

No PBF

Phase 1

Phase 2

Number (% total) studied facilities:

9 (30.0)

16 (53.3)

5 (16.7)

9 (28.1)

18 (56.3)

5 (15.6)

10 (30.3)

18 (54.6)

5 (15.1)

By district, n (%)

 Balaka

2 (22.2)

4 (25.0)

2 (40.0)

2 (22.2)

4 (22.2)

2 (40.0)

2 (20.0)

4 (22.2)

2 (40.0)

 Dedza

3 (33.4)

3 (18.8)

1 (20.0)

3 (33.4)

4 (22.2)

1 (20.0)

3 (30.0)

4 (22.2)

1 (20.0)

 Mchinji

2 (22.2)

4 (25.0)

1 (20.0)

2 (22.2)

5 (27.8)

1 (20.0)

2 (20.0)

5 (27.8)

1 (20.0)

 Ntcheu

2 (22.2)

5 (31.2)

1 (20.0)

2 (22.2)

5 (27.8)

1 (20.0)

3 (30.0)

5 (27.8)

1 (20.0)

By facility type, n (%)

 Health center

8 (88.9)

12 (75.0)

3 (60.0)

8 (88.9)

14 (77.8)

3 (60.0)

9 (90.0)

14 (77.8))

3 (60.0)

 Hospital

1 (11.1)

4 (25.0)

2 (40.0)

1 (11.1)

4 (22.2)

2 (40.0)

1 (10.0)

4 (22.2)

2 (40.0)

By facility ownership, n (%)*

 Public

6 (66.7)

15 (93.8)

2 (40.0)

6 (66.7)

17 (94.4)

2 (40.0)

7 (70.0)

17 (94.4)

2 (40.0)

 Private non-profit

3 (33.3)

1 (6.2)

3 (60.0)

3 (33.3)

1 (5.6)

3 (60.0)

3 (30.0)

1 (5.6)

3 (60.0)

  1. * Distribution at baseline statistically significantly different between facility groups (p < 0.05) based on Fisher’s exact test