Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression association of maternal healthcare service utilisation with infant mortality in Ethiopia

 Agrarian

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 Pastoralist

1.57 (1.17, 2.12)

1.23 (0.77, 1.96)

0.39

 City dweller

0.86 (0.53, 1.40)

0.95 (0.39, 2.33)

0.91

 Yes

9.8 (6.17, 15.71)

11.71 (5.45, 25.19)*

< 0 .001

 No

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 First birth

1.40 (1.01, 1.98)

1.40 (0.67, 2.94)

0.37

  < 24 months

1.62 (1.15, 2.31)

1.60 (1.11, 2.60)*

0.01

 24–59 months

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  ≥ 60 months

1.27 (0.84, 1.92)

1.30 (0.68, 2.44)

0.43

 No education

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 Primary education

0.97 (0.67, 1.23)

1.21 (0.72, 2.04)

0.46

 Secondary or higher

0.65 (0.41, 1.05)

1.54 (0.46, 5.20)

0.49

 15–24

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 25–34

0.7 (0.51, 0.97)

0.64 (0.35, 1.16)

0.14

 35–49

1.01 (0.72, 1.44)

0.54 (0.25, 1.16)

0.12

 Poor

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 Middle

0.65 (0.43, 1.01)

0.92 (0.47, 1.82)

0.82

 Rich

0.66 (0.48, 0.89)

1.39 (0.83, 2.31)

0.21

 Urban

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 Rural

1.78 (1.21, 2,63)

1.20 (0.49, 2.93)

0.69

 No

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 Yes

0.79 (0.61, 1.64)

0.70 (0.45, 1.07)

0.10

 None

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 1

4.05 (2.98, 5.49)

4.65 (2.86, 7.60)*

<  0.001

 2

5.59 (3.75, 8.33)

7.82 (4.18, 14.66)*

< 0 .001

  ≥ 3

4.85 (2.90, 8.12)

7.16 (2.38, 21.50)*

< 0 .001

 None

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 Low

0.59 (0.44, 0.82)

0.54 (0.31, 0.97)*

0.04

 Medium

0.57 (0.37, 0.88)

0.78 (0.41, 1.50)

0.46

 High

0.44 (0.30, 0.65)

0.34 (0.16, 0.75)*

0.01