Lack of concern about body image and health during pregnancy linked to excessive gestational weight gain and small-for-gestational-age deliveries: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Table 2 Probability of giving each reason by group (N = 92,539)

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
	71,002 (76.7%)	13,406 (14.5%)	8131 (8.8%)
Reasons to limit gestational weight gain	Probability (95% CI)
To deliver a healthy baby	0.72 (0.71–0.72)	0.80 (0.79–0.81)	0.27 (0.24–0.30)
To have a smooth delivery	0.79 (0.78–0.79)	0.88 (0.87–0.89)	–
To quickly restore body shape	0.42 (0.41–0.44)	0.90 (0.88–0.93)	0.08 (0.06–0.10)
To avoid stretch marks	0.03 (0.02–0.04)	0.83 (0.69–0.91)	–
To follow advice from health care providers	0.29 (0.28–0.29)	0.38 (0.37–0.39)	0.13 (0.11–0.14)

Groups were defined on the basis of the distribution of reasons to limit gestational weight gain: Group 1 = more likely to cite smooth delivery and child health (health conscious); Group 2 = more likely to cite body shape, smooth delivery, and child health (body-shape and health conscious); Group 3 = less likely to cite any strong reason (not body-shape or health conscious)
Women in Group 3 had a very low probability of citing “to have a smooth delivery” and “to avoid stretch marks”; therefore, we constrained those two items in the model for Group 3

ISSN: 1471-2393