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Table 4 Example of coding of negative and ambiguous evaluations, based on recurring expressions

From: Reproducing normative femininity: Women’s evaluations of their birth experiences analysed by means of word frequency and thematic analysis

Expression

Codes

Preliminary themes

[A] prolonged latent phase with very drawn-out, constant pain made the first days a horrible experience. I didn’t receive the support I needed and it felt like they didn’t understand me. I felt powerless and out of control of the situation. It was dreadful!

Constant pain

Not receiving wanted support

Not being understood

Feeling powerless and out of control

Pain and discomfort

Invalidated and neglected

Lack of information and dialogue

The staff was great but the birth experience was dramatic and frightening. I don’t think anything could have been done better. I feel that I got the help that I needed despite an overcrowded labour ward.

Great staff but dramatic and frightening

Nothing could have been done better

Received adequate support despite full ward

Difficult experience but good support