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Table 2 Comparison of delivery mode and pregnancy outcomes over time

From: Socio-demographic characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women who delivered prior to and after the termination of the one-child policy in China: a comparative study

Variable

2012

(N = 3480)

2014

(N = 4044)

2016

(N = 4194)

OR1 and 95% CI

OR2 and 95% CI

n

%

n

%

n

%

For all childbearing women

 Delivery mode

Vaginal

1962

56.38

2424

59.94

2444

58.27

0.86 (0.79–0.95)

0.93 (0.85–1.01)

CS

1518

43.62

1620

40.06

1750

41.73

 Vaginal delivery

Instrumental

75

3.82

130

5.36

120

4.91

1.43 (1.07–1.91)

1.30 (0.98–1.75)

Natural

1887

96.18

2294

94.64

2324

95.09

 CS

Emergency

719

47.36

903

55.74

690

39.43

1.40 (1.22–1.61)

0.72 (0.63–0.83)

Elective

799

52.64

717

44.26

1060

60.57

Pregnancy complications

854

24.54

1062

26.26

1326

31.62

1.10 (0.99–1.22)

1.42 (1.29–1.57)

Multiple births

71

2.04

102

2.52

211

5.03

1.15 (0.81–1.62)

2.92 (2.19–3.89)

Stillbirth

63

1.81

35

0.82

41

0.98

0.47 (0.31–0.72)

0.54 (0.36–0.80)

LBW

239

6.87

297

7.34

424

10.11

1.08 (0.90–1.28)

1.53 (1.29–1.80)

Preterm birth

349

10.03

390

9.64

570

13.59

0.96 (0.82–1.12)

1.41 (1.23–1.63)

BDs

59

1.70

33

0.82

41

0.98

0.48 (0.31–0.73)

0.57 (0.38–0.85)

Missing

18

/

11

/

0

/

  

Sex of infant

Girl

1647

47.33

1950

48.22

2017

48.09

1.03 (0.94–1.13)

1.03 (0.94–1.13)

Boy

1817

52.21

2086

51.58

2164

51.60

Missing

16

/

8

/

13

/

For primipara (parity < 1)

 Delivery mode

Vaginal

373

44.40

659

45.42

1006

48.83

0.96 (0.81–1.14)

0.84 (0.71–0.98)

CS

467

55.60

792

54.58

1054

51.17

 Vaginal delivery

Instrumental

8

2.14

11

1.67

20

1.99

0.77 (0.31–1.94)

0.93 (0.40–2.21)

Natural

365

97.86

648

98.33

986

98.01

 CS

Emergency

195

41.76

372

46.97

345

32.37

1.24 (0.98–1.56)

0.68 (0.54–0.85)

Elective

272

58.24

420

53.03

709

67.27

Pregnancy complications

158

18.81

277

19.09

551

26.75

1.02 (0.82–1.27)

1.58 (1.29–1.92)

Multiple births

24

2.86

31

2.14

67

3.25

0.74 (0.43–1.27)

1.14 (0.71–1.84)

Stillbirth

21

2.50

16

1.10

20

0.97

0.44 (0.23–0.84)

0.38 (0.21–0.71)

LBW

77

9.17

113

7.79

192

9.32

0.84 (0.62–1.13)

1.02 (0.77–1.34)

Preterm birth

113

13.45

167

11.51

277

13.45

0.84 (0.65–1.08)

1.00 (0.79–1.26)

BDs

14

1.67

14

0.96

19

0.92

0.57 (0.27–1.20)

0.55 (0.27–1.09)

Missing

7

0.83

5

0.34

0

/

Sex of infant

Girl

390

46.43

694

47.83

942

45.73

1.05 (0.89–1.25)

0.97 (0.82–1.14)

Boy

445

52.98

754

51.96

1110

53.88

Missing

5

0.60

3

0.21

8

0.39

For multipara (parity ≥ 1)

 Delivery mode

Vaginal

1589

60.19

1765

68.07

1438

67.39

0.71 (0.63–0.80)

0.73 (0.65–0.83)

CS

1051

39.81

828

31.93

696

32.61

 Vaginal delivery

Instrumental

67

4.22

119

6.74

100

6.95

1.64 (1.21–2.23)

1.70 (1.24–2.33)

Natural

1522

95.78

1646

93.26

1338

93.05

 CS

Emergency

524

49.86

531

64.13

345

49.57

1.80 (1.49–2.17)

0.99 (0.82–1.20)

Elective

527

50.14

297

35.87

351

50.43

Pregnancy complications

696

26.36

785

30.27

775

36.32

1.21 (1.08–1.37)

1.59 (1.41–1.80)

Multiple births

47

1.78

71

2.74

144

6.75

1.55 (1.07–2.25)

3.99 (2.86–5.58)

Stillbirth

42

1.59

19

0.73

21

0.98

0.46 (0.27–0.79)

0.62 (0.36–1.04)

LBW

162

6.14

184

7.10

232

10.87

1.17 (0.94–1.45)

1.87 (1.51–2.30)

Preterm birth

236

8.94

223

8.60

293

13.73

0.96 (0.79–1.16)

1.62 (1.35–1.95)

BDs

45

1.70

19

0.73

22

1.03

0.42 (0.25–0.73)

0.60 (0.36–1.00)

Missing

11

0.42

6

0.23

0

/

Sex of infant

Girl

1257

47.61

1256

48.44

1075

50.37

1.03 (0.92–1.15)

1.11 (0.99–1.25)

Boy

1372

51.97

1332

51.37

1054

49.39

Missing

11

0.42

5

0.19

5

0.23

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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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