Table 2 Hazard ratios of different categories of GDM/macrosomia, with and without diabetes for incident CKD
From: Macrosomia is a risk factor for incident maternal chronic kidney disease
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value |
Study groups | ||||||
-  No diabetes | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
-  GDM/macrosomia | 1.78(1.39–2.30) | < 0.001 | 1.33 (1.03–1.71) | 0.029 | 1.32 (1.02–1.72) | 0.032 |
-  NDM | 1.45(1.02–2.05) | 0.037 | 0.80 (0.56–1.39) | 0.22 | 0.74 (0.52–1.07) | 0.109 |
Age, years |  |  | 1.10(1.09–1.11) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | <  0.001 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | – | – | – | – | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.43 |
WC (cm) | – | – | – | – | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.38 |
Parity | – | – | – | – | 0.98 (0.92–1.06) | 0.68 |
Smoking status | ||||||
-  Never | – | – | – | – | Reference |  |
-  Former |  |  |  |  | 0.87 (0.36–2.10) | 0.75 |
-  Current smoker | – | – | – | – | 1.42 (1.00–1.99) | 0.048 |
Education | ||||||
-   < 6 years | – | – | – | – | Reference |  |
-  6–12 years | – | – | – | – | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 0.077 |
-   ≥ 12 years | – | – | – | – | 1.18 (0.84–1.66) | 0.34 |
Gestational hypertension | – | – | – | – | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.37 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | – | – | – | – | 0.91 (0.90–0.92) | <  0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | – | – | – | – | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.043 |
DBP (mmHg) | – | – | – | – | 0.99 (0.98–1.005) | 0.26 |
Anti-hypertensive medication | – | – | – | – | 0.99 (0.63–1.53) | 0.95 |
FH-DM | – | – | – | – | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 0.88 |