Table 3 Thematic representation of ICAMO element of HCPs

Intervention

Communication platform

▪ Information and education [5, 37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44]

Data management platform

▪ Registration, tracking, data collection and security [14, 45,46,47,48,49]

Decision support and guideline [50,51,52,53]

Context

Health system organisation

▪ HCPs training, supervision, resource availability, support and mobilisation [5, 14, 37, 40, 43, 45, 47, 48, 51,52,53]

▪ Mobile phone availability and distribution to HCPs [38]

▪ Availability of HCPs [39, 49]

▪ HCPs and CHWs collaboration [39]

Socio-demographic characteristic

▪ Individual, pre-existing HCPs level of education, [41, 54]

▪ Language spoken by HCPs [50, 53]

Experience with technology

▪ Technology adoption [37, 41]

Network infrastructure and connectivity

▪ Availability of network and connectivity [44, 50]

Actors

▪ HCPs

Mechanism

Perceived support of HCPs

▪ Quality of training, resources, and administrative support impact on respondents’ task [40, 47]

▪ Improved HCP-community relationship [5, 51]

Motivation

▪ Encouragement to be more active in performing tasks [38, 41, 42, 50]

▪ Knowledge acquisition and skills gained improved self-efficacy and confidence [5, 14, 38, 39, 43, 45, 48, 49, 52]

Perceived ease of use and usefulness of mHealth

▪ [46, 47]

Outcomes

Improved HCPs performance of care

▪ Improved accuracy in diagnosis, referral and recommendations [48, 52, 53]

▪ More procreative [38, 39, 42], improved skills and help to overcome barriers [47]

▪ Increase in rate of care attendance [40, 54]

▪ Data security [51]

Improved quality of health care

▪ Improved MCH care [43] [50]

▪ Improved relation between HCPs and community members [5, 41]