Table 3 Multilevel multivariable logistic regression model analysis result of recommended antenatal care visit in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2006 to 2018

 Southern

1

1

 Central

0.33 (0.31,0.34)

0.50 (0.48,0.53)*

 Eastern

0.37 (0.35,0.39)

0.46 (0.44,0.48)*

 Western

0.36 (0.34,0.37)

0.72 (0.68,0.75)*

 Rural

1

1

 Urban

2.21 (2.17,2.25)

1.35 (1.31,1.38)*

 15–24

1

1

 25–34

1.27 (1.24,1.30)

1.24 (1.21,1.27)*

 35–46

1.49 (1.44,1.53)

1.43 (1.38,1.48)*

 Cannot read and write

1

1

 Can read and write

0.93 (0.91,0.96)

1.008 (0.98,1.03)

 No education

1

1

 Primary education

1.37 (1.33,1.41)

1.45 (1.41,1.49)*

 Secondary and above

2.14 (2.06,2.23)

2.02 (1.94,2.10)*

 No education

1

1

 Primary education

1.15 (1.12,1.18)

1.29 (1.26,1.32)*

 Secondary and above

1.67 (1.63,1.72)

1.70 (1.65,1.74)*

 Had no occupation

1

1

 Had occupation

1.11 (1.09,1.14)

1.12 (1.09,1.14)*

 Women alone

1.17 (1.14,1.20)

1.26 (1.23,1.30)*

 Women and her husband

1.23 (1.21,1.26)

1.32 (1.29,1.35)*

 Husbands alone

1

1

 Poor

1

1

 Middle

1.11 (1.09,1.14)

1.09 (1.06,1.11)*

 Rich

1.26 (1.23,1.29)

1.13 (1.10,1.16)*

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.44 (1.41,1.47)

1.33 (1.30,1.36)*

 Big problem

1

1

 Not big problem

1.22 (1.20,1.25)

1.19 (1.17,1.25)*

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.19 (1.15,1.24)

1.18 (1.14,1.23)*

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.31 (1.28,1.34)

1.34 (1.32,1.37)*

Birth Order

 1

1

1

 2–4

0.79 (0.77,0.82)

0.78 (0.77,0.82)*

 5+

0.64 (0.61,0.66)

0.66 (0.63,0.68)*

Community variance (SE)

0.131 (0.112,0.153)

0.099 (0.084,0.117)

0.05 (0.042,0.060)

0.041 (0.034,0.049)

ICC%

38 (33,44)

29 (24,34)

15 (12,17)

12 (10,14)

PCV%

1

24.42

61.83

68.70

MOR

1.41 (1.37,1.45)

1.34 (1.31,1.38)

1.23 (1.21,1.26)

1.21 (1.19,1.23)

LL

− 180,239

− 174,792

− 143,943

−142,542

Deviance

360,478

349,584

287,886

285,084

AIC

360,483

349,596

287,927

285,133

BIC

360,504

549,658

288,134

285,381