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Table 1 Participant characteristics by weight gain level in prospective cohort study on guideline-discordant gestational weight gain

From: Gestational weight gain outside the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations: novel psychological and behavioural factors associated with inadequate or excess weight gain in a prospective cohort study

Characteristic

Inadequate weight gain

n = 154

Appropriate weight gain

n = 279

Excess weight gain

n = 537

p-value

Maternal age, years [Mean (SD)]

30.8

(4.5)

30.9

(5.0)

30.2

(4.9)

0.097

Gestational age at recruitment, weeks [Mean (SD)]

14.8

(3.3)

14.4

(3.4)

15.1

(3.5)

0.018

Race [n (%)]

      

0.011

 White

110

(71.4)

199

(71.3)

427

(79.5)

 

 Non-white

43

(27.9)

80

(28.7)

108

(20.1)

 

 NR/UKN

1

(0.6)

0

(0.0)

2

(0.4)

 

Marital status [n (%)]

      

0.997

 Married, common-law, or living with a partner

143

(92.9)

259

(92.8)

496

(92.4)

 

 Single, divorced, or widowed

11

(7.1)

20

(7.2)

39

(7.3)

 

 NR/UKN

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

2

(0.4)

 

Education [n (%)]

      

0.592

 Community college/technical school or lower

69

(44.8)

112

(40.1)

231

(43.0)

 

 Undergraduate university or higher

85

(55.2)

167

(59.9)

305

(56.8)

 

 NR/UKN

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

1

(0.2)

 

Household income [n (%)]

      

0.450

  < $40,000

28

(18.2)

45

(16.1)

79

(14.7)

 

 $40,000 – 79,999

39

(25.3)

64

(22.9)

147

(27.4)

 

  > =$80,000

75

(48.7)

149

(53.4)

251

(46.7)

 

 NR or prefer not to answer

12

(7.8)

21

(7.5)

60

(11.2)

 

Smoking [n (%)]

      

0.015

 None

128

(83.1)

235

(84.2)

414

(77.1)

 

 Before this pregnancy

12

(7.8)

27

(9.7)

85

(15.8)

 

 During this pregnancy

14

(9.1)

15

(5.4)

38

(7.1)

 

 NR/UKN

0

(0.0)

2

(0.7)

0

(0.0)

 

Chronic health conditions [n (%)]

      

0.685

 No

109

(70.8)

208

(74.6)

390

(72.6)

 

 Yes

45

(29.2)

71

(25.4)

147

(27.4)

 

Parity [n (%)]

      

0.115

 0

72

(46.8)

138

(49.5)

296

(55.1)

 

 1+

81

(52.6)

139

(49.8)

239

(44.5)

 

 NR/UKN

1

(0.6)

2

(0.7)

2

(0.4)

 

Prepregnancy BMI [n (%)]

      

< 0.001

 Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2)

6

(3.9)

15

(5.4)

8

(1.5)

 

 Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2)

101

(65.6)

174

(62.4)

218

(40.6)

 

 Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2)

10

(6.5)

46

(16.5)

176

(32.8)

 

 Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)

37

(24.0)

44

(15.8)

135

(25.1)

 

Care provider at centre of recruitment [n (%)]

      

0.189

 Obstetrician

38

(24.7)

74

(26.5)

106

(19.7)

 

 Midwife

18

(11.7)

40

(14.3)

77

(14.3)

 

 Family physician

98

(63.6)

165

(59.1)

354

(65.9)

 
  1. BMI body mass index, NR not reported, UKN unknown
  2. Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding
  3. The descriptive and univariable multinomial logistic regression analyses were complete case analyses
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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