Table 2 Factors and association with LBW among cases and controls
Variables/Factors | Cases (LBW) N = 225 n (%) | Controls (NBW) N = 225 n (%) | OR | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male Neonate | 131 (58.2) | 126 (56.0) | 1.09 | 0.75 to 1.59 | 0.634 |
Maternal Age | |||||
 20–35 yrs. | 172 (76.4) | 178 (79.1) | Reference category | ||
  <  20 years | 30 (13.3) | 30 (13.3) | 1.03 | 0.60 to 1.79 | 0.902 |
  > 35 years | 23 (10.2) | 17 (7.6) | 1.40 | 0.72 to 2.71 | 0.318 |
<  5 years of Maternal Schooling | 150 (66.7) | 163 (72.4) | 0.76 | 0.51 to 1.14 | 0.183 |
<  5 years of Paternal Schooling | 108 (48.0) | 83 (36.9) | 1.58 | 1.08 to 2.30 | 0.017 |
<  10, 000/Monthly Income (PKR) | 157 (69.8) | 167 (74.2) | 0.80 | 0.53 to 1.21 | 0.294 |
Rural Residence | 161 (71.6) | 170 (75.6) | 0.81 | 0.53 to 1.24 | 0.336 |
Gravidity | |||||
 Primigravida | 58 (25.8) | 76 (33.8) | Reference category | ||
 2–3 Gravida | 67 (29.8) | 60 (26.6) | 1.46 | 0.90 to 2.38 | 0.126 |
 4 or more Gravida | 100 (44.4) | 89 (39.6) | 1.47 | 0.94 to 2.30 | 0.089 |
<  2 years Inter pregnancy Interval* | 109 (65.3) | 87 (58.4) | 1.34 | 0.85 to 2.11 | 0.209 |
History of preterm birth | 38 (16.9) | 25 (11.1) | 1.63 | 0.94 to 2.80 | 0.079 |
Maternal Body Mass Index | |||||
 Normal (BMI 18.5–24.9) | 181 (80.4) | 183 (81.3) | Reference category | ||
 Under weight (BMI < 18.5) | 26 (11.6) | 28 (12.4) | 0.94 | 0.53 to 1.66 | 0.829 |
 Over weight (BMI 25-29.9) | 18 (8) | 14 (6.2) | 1.30 | 0.63 to 2.69 | 0.480 |
Maternal Anemia | 111 (49.3) | 107 (47.6) | 1.07 | 0.74 to 1.55 | 0.706 |
PTSD | 71 (31.6) | 13 (5.8) | 7.52 | 4.02 to 14.07 | < 0.001 |