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Table 4 Odds Ratios for Logistic Regression of Labour Induction: Multiparous Women

From: Socioeconomic risk factors for labour induction in the United Kingdom

 

Model 1

N = 9293

Model 2

N = 8616

Odds Ratio

95% CI

p-value

Odds Ratio

95% CI

p-value

Maternal Age

 19 years and under

0.863

0.582, 1.281

0.466

0.918

0.592, 1.422

0.701

 20–25 years old

0.937

0.788, 1.115

0.466

0.955

0.791, 1.153

0.631

 26–30 years old

0.944

0.816, 1.092

0.440

0.957

0.818, 1.120

0.587

 31–35 years old

0.921

0.801, 1.060

0.253

0.925

0.796, 1.075

0.308

 36 years and older

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Maternal Ethnicity

 White

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Indian

1.068

0.758, 1.505

0.708

1.302

0.897, 1.890

0.164

 Pakistani/Bangladeshi

0.728*

0.531, 0.997

0.048

0.719

0.504, 1.027

0.069

 Black/Black British

0.785

0.578, 1.066

0.121

0.844

0.597, 1.191

0.334

 Other

0.800

0.553, 1.157

0.236

0.881

0.595, 1.304

0.526

Maternal Marital Status

 Legally Married

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Cohabiting

0.996

0.878, 1.130

0.954

1.025

0.894, 1.175

0.722

 Unpartnered

1.225*

1.040, 1.443

0.015

1.246*

1.044, 1.486

0.015

Maternal Education

 Higher/first degrees

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Diplomas in higher education

1.525***

1.239, 1.879

0.000

1.522***

1.220, 1.899

0.000

 A/O Levels (GSCE A-C)

1.477***

1.255, 1.737

0.000

1.556***

1.308, 1.850

0.000

 Other (incl. GCSE D-G)

1.397**

1.133, 1.724

0.002

1.477**

1.179, 1.850

0.001

 None

1.540***

1.255, 1.890

0.000

1.791***

1.436, 2.233

0.000

Electoral Ward Deprivation

 England – Advantaged

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 England – Disadvantaged

1.045

0.909, 1.201

0.533

1.057

0.911, 1.227

0.466

 England – Ethnic

0.952

0.750, 1.208

0.684

0.932

0.717, 1.212

0.601

 Wales – Advantaged

1.050

0.832, 1.325

0.682

1.011

0.790, 1.293

0.933

 Wales – Disadvantaged

1.177

0.990, 1.400

0.065

1.180

0.980, 1.420

0.081

 Scotland – Advantaged

1.326**

1.087, 1.617

0.005

1.344*

1.086, 1.663

0.007

 Scotland – Disadvantaged

1.411**

1.156, 1.723

0.001

1.434**

1.159, 1.774

0.001

 N. Ireland – Advantaged

1.952***

1.566, 2.434

0.000

2.232***

1.769, 2.816

0.000

 N. Ireland – Disadvantaged

1.989***

1.649, 2.399

0.000

2.322***

1.904, 2.833

0.000

Pregnancy Complications

 No pregnancy complications

   

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Complications not associated with induction

   

1.424***

1.254, 1.617

0.000

 Complications associated with induction

   

1.902***

1.648, 2.194

0.000

 Other

   

1.343*

1.070, 1.686

0.011

Maternal BMI

 Low (< 18.5)

   

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

   

0.909

0.709, 1.166

0.452

 High (≥25.0)

   

1.075

0.832, 1.390

0.578

Infant Birth Weight

 Low (<2500 g)

   

1.340*

1.049, 1.711

0.167

 Normal (2500–4000 g)

   

Ref

Ref

Ref

 High (>4000 g)

   

1.300***

1.125, 1.502

0.000

Infant Gestational Age

 259 days or less

   

1.087

0.889, 1.329

0.415

 260–272 days

   

1.241**

1.081, 1.424

0.002

 273–286 days

   

Ref

Ref

Ref

 287–293 days

   

2.806***

2.468, 3.190

0.000

 294 days or more

   

5.443***

4.213, 7.032

0.000

  1. Model 1 was adjusted for maternal occupation, housing tenure, and income quintile
  2. Model 2 was adjusted for maternal occupation, housing tenure, income quintile, and smoking behaviour
  3. *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001