From: Socioeconomic risk factors for labour induction in the United Kingdom
 | Model 1 N = 9293 | Model 2 N = 8616 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | |
Maternal Age | ||||||
 19 years and under | 0.863 | 0.582, 1.281 | 0.466 | 0.918 | 0.592, 1.422 | 0.701 |
 20–25 years old | 0.937 | 0.788, 1.115 | 0.466 | 0.955 | 0.791, 1.153 | 0.631 |
 26–30 years old | 0.944 | 0.816, 1.092 | 0.440 | 0.957 | 0.818, 1.120 | 0.587 |
 31–35 years old | 0.921 | 0.801, 1.060 | 0.253 | 0.925 | 0.796, 1.075 | 0.308 |
 36 years and older | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Maternal Ethnicity | ||||||
 White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Indian | 1.068 | 0.758, 1.505 | 0.708 | 1.302 | 0.897, 1.890 | 0.164 |
 Pakistani/Bangladeshi | 0.728* | 0.531, 0.997 | 0.048 | 0.719 | 0.504, 1.027 | 0.069 |
 Black/Black British | 0.785 | 0.578, 1.066 | 0.121 | 0.844 | 0.597, 1.191 | 0.334 |
 Other | 0.800 | 0.553, 1.157 | 0.236 | 0.881 | 0.595, 1.304 | 0.526 |
Maternal Marital Status | ||||||
 Legally Married | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Cohabiting | 0.996 | 0.878, 1.130 | 0.954 | 1.025 | 0.894, 1.175 | 0.722 |
 Unpartnered | 1.225* | 1.040, 1.443 | 0.015 | 1.246* | 1.044, 1.486 | 0.015 |
Maternal Education | ||||||
 Higher/first degrees | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Diplomas in higher education | 1.525*** | 1.239, 1.879 | 0.000 | 1.522*** | 1.220, 1.899 | 0.000 |
 A/O Levels (GSCE A-C) | 1.477*** | 1.255, 1.737 | 0.000 | 1.556*** | 1.308, 1.850 | 0.000 |
 Other (incl. GCSE D-G) | 1.397** | 1.133, 1.724 | 0.002 | 1.477** | 1.179, 1.850 | 0.001 |
 None | 1.540*** | 1.255, 1.890 | 0.000 | 1.791*** | 1.436, 2.233 | 0.000 |
Electoral Ward Deprivation | ||||||
 England – Advantaged | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 England – Disadvantaged | 1.045 | 0.909, 1.201 | 0.533 | 1.057 | 0.911, 1.227 | 0.466 |
 England – Ethnic | 0.952 | 0.750, 1.208 | 0.684 | 0.932 | 0.717, 1.212 | 0.601 |
 Wales – Advantaged | 1.050 | 0.832, 1.325 | 0.682 | 1.011 | 0.790, 1.293 | 0.933 |
 Wales – Disadvantaged | 1.177 | 0.990, 1.400 | 0.065 | 1.180 | 0.980, 1.420 | 0.081 |
 Scotland – Advantaged | 1.326** | 1.087, 1.617 | 0.005 | 1.344* | 1.086, 1.663 | 0.007 |
 Scotland – Disadvantaged | 1.411** | 1.156, 1.723 | 0.001 | 1.434** | 1.159, 1.774 | 0.001 |
 N. Ireland – Advantaged | 1.952*** | 1.566, 2.434 | 0.000 | 2.232*** | 1.769, 2.816 | 0.000 |
 N. Ireland – Disadvantaged | 1.989*** | 1.649, 2.399 | 0.000 | 2.322*** | 1.904, 2.833 | 0.000 |
Pregnancy Complications | ||||||
 No pregnancy complications |  |  |  | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Complications not associated with induction |  |  |  | 1.424*** | 1.254, 1.617 | 0.000 |
 Complications associated with induction |  |  |  | 1.902*** | 1.648, 2.194 | 0.000 |
 Other |  |  |  | 1.343* | 1.070, 1.686 | 0.011 |
Maternal BMI | ||||||
 Low (< 18.5) |  |  |  | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Normal (18.5–24.9) |  |  |  | 0.909 | 0.709, 1.166 | 0.452 |
 High (≥25.0) |  |  |  | 1.075 | 0.832, 1.390 | 0.578 |
Infant Birth Weight | ||||||
 Low (<2500 g) |  |  |  | 1.340* | 1.049, 1.711 | 0.167 |
 Normal (2500–4000 g) |  |  |  | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 High (>4000 g) |  |  |  | 1.300*** | 1.125, 1.502 | 0.000 |
Infant Gestational Age | ||||||
 259 days or less |  |  |  | 1.087 | 0.889, 1.329 | 0.415 |
 260–272 days |  |  |  | 1.241** | 1.081, 1.424 | 0.002 |
 273–286 days |  |  |  | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 287–293 days |  |  |  | 2.806*** | 2.468, 3.190 | 0.000 |
 294 days or more |  |  |  | 5.443*** | 4.213, 7.032 | 0.000 |