Table 3 Bi variable and multivariable multilevel analysis of factors associated with delayed first postnatal care attendance in Ethiopia

Maternal age(years)

 15–19

 20–34

 35–49

43(15.21)

550(17.36)

123(14.29)

239(84.79)

2617(82.64)

736(85.71)

1.00

1.21(0.85–1.74)

1.51(1.01–2.27)

1.00

1.14(0.77–1.69)

1.14(0.70–1.88)

Maternal education

 No formal education

 Primary education

 Secondary & above

275(10.56)

277(20.97)

164(42.72)

2331(89.44)

1042(79.03)

219(57.28)

1.00

0.42(0.34–0.52)

0.21(0.16–0.27)

1.00

0.79(0.61–1.03)

0.73(0.53–1.02)

Religion

 Orthodox

 Muslim

 Protestant

 Others

370(25.14)

204(15.58)

137(11.34)

4(2.71)

1101(74.86)

1596(84.42)

745(88.66)

151(97.29)

1.00

2.30(1.62–3.26)

2.48(1.88–3.28)

7.40(2.64–20.78)

1.00

1.02(0.70–1.50)

1.04(0.77–1.41)

2.49(0.86–7.21)

Maternal occupation

 Not Working

 working

370(14.74)

346(19.22)

2140(85.26)

1452(80.78)

1.00

0.76(0.62–0.92)

1.00

0.82(0.67–1.01)

Household wealth status

 Poor

 Middle

 Rich

179(9.15)

128(14.35)

409(29.94)

1775(90.85)

762(85.65)

1055(72.06)

1.00

0.50(0.37–0.67)

0.21(0.16–0.26)

1.00

0.73(0.53–1.01)

0.88(0.65–1.18)

Size of the child at birth

 Small

 Average

 Large

184(14.94)

304(17.00)

227(17.67)

1050(85.06)

1486(83.00)

1057(82.33)

1.00

0.80(0.63–1.01)

0.70(0.54–0.90)

1.00

0.98(0.77–1.25)

0.95(0.73–1.24)

Birth order

 One

 Two & three

 Four & above

183(20.83)

261(19.80)

272(26.86)

695(79.17)

1056(80.20)

1841(87.14)

1.00

1.35(1.07–1.71)

2.05(1.62–2.60)

1.00

0.82(0.63–1.06)

0.73(0.54–1.01)

Covered by Health insurance

 Yes

 No

50(30.54)

665(16.06)

114(69.46)

3479(83.94)

0.47(0.29–0.76)

1.00

0.83(0.53–1.31)

1.00

ANC visit

 <4

 ≥4

208(9.06)

508(25.15)

2080(90.94)

1512(74.85)

1.00

0.32(0.26–0.40)

1.00

0.73(0.59–0.92) **

Place of delivery

 Home

 Health facility

53(1.93)

663(42.47)

2695(98.07)

897(57.53)

1.00

0.02(0.02–0.03)

1.00

0.04(0.03–0.05) *

Media exposure

 No

 Yes

312(11.06)

404(27.12)

2507(88.94)

1085(72.88)

1.00

0.33(0.27–0.40)

1.00

0.89(0.69–1.15)

Perceived distance from the health facility

 Big problem

 Not a big problem

264(10.14)

451(26.51)

2342(89.86)

1251(79.49)

1.00

0.35(0.29–0.43)

1.00

0.73(0.58–0.91) **

Residence

 Urban

 Rural

235(45.27)

480(12.68)

285(54.73)

3308(87.32)

1.00

6.78(5.15–9.16)

1.00

0.94(0.68–1.30)

Region

 Addis Ababa

 Tigray

 Afar

 Amhara

 Oromia

 Somali

 Benishangul

 SNNPR

 Gambela

 Harari

 Dire Dawa

61(55.87)

142(45.36)

5(11.60)

148(18.79)

172(9.00)

21(11.88)

7(14.53)

148(16.88)

2(16.86)

4(37.37)

5(27.77)

49(44.13)

172(54.64)

38(88.40)

642(8121)

1142(91.00)

157(88.22)

38(85.47)

728(83.12)

8(83.14)

6(62.63)

13(72.23)

1.00

1.93(1.13–3.28)

19.47(10.20-37.18)

8.00(4.51–14.19)

17.91(10.08–31.82)

17.98(9.92–32.60)

9.69(5.23–17.98)

8.10(4.66–14.06)

11.14(5.84–21.25)

1.91(1.043–3.51)

3.90(2.09–7.29)

1.00

0.77(0.50–1.20)

1.10(0.61–1.20)

1.35(0.82–2.21)

2.30(1.38–3.83) ***

1.38(0.81–2.38)

1.43(0.83–2.45)

1.44(0.87–2.38)

2.01(1.13–3.56) ***

0.66(0.40–1.10)

1.36(0.82–2.25)

Community level media exposure

 Low

 High

177(9.06)

538(22.91)

1782(90.94)

1810(77.09)

1.00

0.17(0.13–0.23)

1.00

0.84(0.64–1.11)

Community level women education

 Low

 High

192(9.52)

524(22.81)

1819(90.48)

1773(77.19)

1.00

0.20(0.15–0.27)

1.00

1.18(0.89–1.57)