| 2006 (N = 5545) | 2011 (N = 5391) | 2016(N = 5060) |
---|---|---|---|
Household characteristics | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
Wealth quintile | |||
 Poorest (reference) | |||
  Second poorest | 1.39 (0.60–2.94) | 1.40 (0.78–2.49) | 2.94** (1.52–5.69) |
  Middle | 1.23 (0.56–2.72) | 2.28* (1.28–4.07) | 7.36** (3.74–14.47) |
  Second richest | 2.17* (1.08–4.37) | 4.28** (2.32–7.88) | 8.16** (4.22–15.79) |
  Richest | 3.31** (1.54–7.09) | 7.27** (3.91–13.54) | 8.34** (3.97–17.42) |
Caste/ethnicity | |||
 Dalit (reference) | |||
  Janajati | 1.58 (0.71–3.50) | 1.16 (0.72–1.86) | 1.91* (1.16–3.15) |
  Brahmin/Chhetri | 1.91 (0.98–3.72) | 1.33 (0.78–2.26) | 1.69* (1.01–2.82) |
  Other | 1.68 (0.65–4.33) | 1.09 (0.54–2.23) | 1.48 (0.86–2.57) |
Mother’s years of schooling | 1.22** (1.17–1.27) | 1.09** (1.04–1.14) | 1.11** (1.07–1.16) |
Mother’s age | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.03* (1.00–1.06) |
Female household head | 1.88* (1.19–2.97) | 1.14 (0.79–1.63) | 0.78 (0.57–1.05) |
Rural residence | 1.12 (0.65–1.93) | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) | 1.19 (0.82–1.72) |
Agroecological zone | |||
 Mountain (reference) | |||
  Hill | 1.06 (0.42–2.68) | 1.11 (0.64–1.93) | 3.46** (1.59–7.52) |
  Terai | 2.14 (0.85–5.35) | 2.49** (1.42–4.35) | 4.20** (1.88–9.38) |