Women’s empowerment and elective cesarean section for a single pregnancy: a population-based and multivariate study in Vietnam

Table 1 Indicators of empowerment among women^a by parity

		Primiparous (n = 578)	Multiparous (n = 765)	All (n = 1343)
		%	%	%	p
Education level	Primary or less	7.6	16.7	12.8	**
	Secondary	58.9	64.1	61.8
	Tertiary	33.4	19.2	25.3
Worked in the previous 12 months	Worked for wages/salary	79.9	82.2	81.2
Worked in the previous 12 months	Did not work	20.1	17.8	18.8
Own mobile phone	Has her own mobile phone	89.3	88.4	88.7
Own mobile phone	Does not have mobile phone	10.7	11.6	11.3
Attitude towards intimate partner violence	Disapproves	80.1	80.4	80.3
Attitude towards intimate partner violence	Does not disapprove	19.9	19.6	19.7

Data are from the 2014 Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS).
^a women who had a singleton birth at a healthcare facility in the two years preceding the survey
** p ≤ 0.05, chi-square test

ISSN: 1471-2393