Table 2 Socio-demographics and pregnancy-related variables associated with caesarean deliveries (weighted percentages)
PDHS 1990–91 (n = 4029) | PDHS 2006–07 (n = 5721) | PDHS 2012–13 (n = 7461) | PDHS 2017–18 (n = 8287) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Rate of caesarean deliveries | 3.2% | 7.8% | 13.6% | 19.6% |
Socio-demographics | ||||
Mother’s age at birth (in years) | ||||
Less than 18 | 2.4% | 3.8% | 7.2% | 9.3% |
18–20 | 2.5% | 6.6% | 11.9% | 15.3% |
21–24 | 4.5% | 7.6% | 18.9% | 21.8% |
More than 24 | 4.1% | 9.3% | 27.6% | 34.3% |
Children’s birth order | ||||
1 | 6.3% | 14.3% | 25.5% | 27.4% |
2–3 | 3.6% | 10.5% | 19.6% | 24.2% |
4–5 | 3.2% | 6.1% | 10.5% | 17.4% |
6 and above | 1.2% | 2.9% | 6.1% | 7.0% |
Mother’s education | ||||
No education | 1.4% | 3.9% | 7.5% | 9.1% |
Primary | 5.1% | 10.4% | 17.1% | 18.3% |
Middle | – | – | 21.3% | – |
Secondary | 10.8% | 16.4% | 31.5% | 28.8% |
Higher | 16.9% | 25.3% | 40.2% | 42.9% |
Mother’s occupation | ||||
Not working | 3.3% | 8.8% | 18.1% | 19.4% |
Unskilled | 1.6% | 5.1% | 11.4% | 15.2% |
Skilled | 2.3% | 4.0% | 5.3% | 16.0% |
Professional/Technical/ Managerial | 11.4% | 21.9% | 30.0% | 39.5% |
Wealth index | ||||
Poorest | – | 1.9% | 7.5% | 6.1% |
Poorer | – | 2.4% | 17.1% | 9.8% |
Middle | – | 5.6% | 21.3% | 18.6% |
Richer | – | 11.3% | 31.5% | 29.0% |
Richest | – | 20.6% | 40.2% | 40.2% |
Type of residence | ||||
Rural | 1.2% | 5.1% | 11.5% | 14.4% |
Urban | 5.2% | 12.8% | 25.6% | 26.0% |
Region | ||||
Baluchistan | 0.7% | 2.2% | 1.7% | 5.7% |
Islamabad Capital Territory | – | – | 28.1% | 31.7% |
Punjab | 4.8% | 11.4% | 19.1% | 31.0% |
Sindh | 3.5% | 7.4% | 17.4% | 27.0% |
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 2.1% | 4.4% | 5.2% | 10.0% |
Gilgit Baltistan | – | – | 3.6% | 12.1% |
AJK | – | – | – | 25.4% |
FATA | – | – | – | 3.8% |
Pregnancy-related variables | ||||
Pregnancy complication | ||||
No | – | 9.0% | 14.9% | – |
Yes | – | 17.9% | 25.2% | – |
Number of antenatal care visits | ||||
None | 1.0% | 4.0% | 22.1% | 1.9% |
1–3 | 4.6% | 11.3% | 10.7% | 10.9% |
4 and above | 8.5% | 19.3% | 30.1% | 31.3% |
Place of delivery | ||||
Public | 15.9% | 21.1% | 28.9% | 22.5% |
Private | 14.8% | 21.3% | 31.2% | 34.9% |
Size of the baby at birth | ||||
Below average | 13.9% | 6.8% | 37.9% | 20.9% |
Normal | 13.0% | 8.3% | 32.1% | 19.4% |
Number of children | ||||
1–2 | 4.9% | 12.7% | 20.4% | 26.3% |
3–4 | 3.6% | 8.0% | 13.4% | 20.5% |
5 and above | 1.7% | 2.9% | 5.8% | 8.7% |
Pregnancy ever terminated | ||||
No | – | 9.9% | 13.2% | 20.9% |
Yes | – | 8.5% | 14.5% | 21.9% |