Table 5 Echocardiographic parameters and cardiac biomarkers in monochorionic (n = 12) and dichorionic (n = 10) twin pregnancies
From: Morphofunctional cardiac changes in singleton and twin pregnancies: a longitudinal cohort study
| Â | 2nd trimester | 3rd trimester | PP1 | PP2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
monochorionic twins (women tested) | (n = 11) | (n = 11) | (n = 12) | (n = 12) |
dichorionic twins (women tested) | (n = 7) | (n = 10) | (n = 10) | (n = 10) |
LVDd, mm | mono 46 (2.0) | 45 (4.2) | 48 (2.6) | 44 (3.0) |
di 44 (2.7) | 46 (4.2) | 47 (3.4) | 45 (3.3) | |
LV ejection fraction (LVEF), % | mono 65 (5.0) | 64 (7.3) | 65 (4.6) | 63 (5.6) |
di 66 (3.0) | 63 (4.5) | 65 (4.1) | 62 (5.4) | |
LV mass (LVM), g | mono 101 (14) | 120 (17) | 131 (17) | 97 (12) |
di 89 (6.3) | 111 (14) | 120 (21) | 91 (16) | |
LVM/BSA (LVMI), g/m2 | mono 64 (8.3) | 73 (9.6) | 83 (13) | 64 (6.1) |
di 58 (4.5) | 70 (7.1) | 78 (10) | 61 (8.9) | |
LA diameter PLAX, mm | mono 33 (3.3) | 34 (2.6) | 35 (2.9) | 29 (3.2) |
di 29 (2.4) * | 34 (4.1) | 33 (4.6) | 29 (4.7) | |
Maximum LA volume, mL | mono 40 (5.8) | 45 (13) | 54 (13) | 34 (9.0) |
di 41 (13.4) | 46 (14) | 47 (18) | 31 (13) | |
Maximal LA volume/BSA (LAVI), mL/m2 | mono 26 (3.5) | 27 (7.5) | 34 (7.6) | 22 (5.6) |
di 26 (7.9) | 29 (7.3) | 30 (10) | 20 (7.9) | |
Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, mm | mono 10 (3.2) | 8.8 (2.6) | 15 (4.7) | 13 (4.8) |
di 13 (2.7) * | 9.9 (4.2) | 16 (5.4) | 13 (5.8) | |
Stroke volume, mL | mono 69 (9.7) | 68 (15) | 77 (17) | 63 (9.7) |
di 64 (9.7) | 63 (9.2) | 70 (8.9) | 60 (6.9) | |
Cardiac output (CO), L/min | mono 5.3 (0.9) | 5.8 (1.3) | 4.9 (0.9) | 4.6 (0.9) |
di 4.9 (0.9) | 5.5 (0.9) | 5.0 (1.0) | 3.9 (0.9) | |
CO/BSA (CI), L/min/m2 | mono 3.4 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.6) |
di 3.2 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.4) | |
Systemic vascular resistance, dyn∙s/cm5 | mono 1044 (261) | 1023 (299) | 1233 (271) | 1502 (391) |
di 1097 (197) | 1108 (242) | 1210 (258) | 1559 (255) | |
Mitral inflow parameters | ||||
 E/A | mono 1.7 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.4) |
di 1.6 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.5 (0.3) | |
 E/e’ average (E/e’) | mono 5.9 (1.9) | 5.8 (1.6) | 7.0 (1.4) | 4.7 (0.8) |
di 5.8 (1.1) | 6.3 (1.7) | 6.7 (1.5) | 4.8 (1.0) | |
Cardiac biomarkers | ||||
 BNP, pg/mL | mono 11 (5.1–22) | 15 (6.4–24) | 62 (54–89) | 5.0 (1.9–9.5) |
di 11.4 (5.8–21) | 21 (10–41) | 45 (21–66) | 9.2 (4.7–17) | |
 NT-proBNP, pg/mL | mono 27 (18–48) | 34 (24–107) | 203 (129–381) | 17 (9.5–24) |
di 27 (25–93) | 53 (42–134) | 160 (72–219) | 38 (19–80) | |
 hs-TnI, pg/mL | mono 1.2 (0.4–2.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 2.1 (1.4–11) | 1.7 (0.7–2.0) |
di 0.5 (0.1–1.3) | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.4 (0.2–1.2) | |