Fig. 1From: Antibiotic use for inpatient newborn care with suspected infection: EN-BIRTH multi-country validation studyCase definitions and diagnosis for neonatal infections. a Approaches to diagnosis of neonatal infection, from simplest clinical algorithm, to infection syndromes through to gold standard with laboratory confirmation (Figure adapted from Seale et al, Lancet Infect Dis, 2014) [9]. b Case ascertainment for neonatal invasive bacterial disease showing the cascade affecting gold standard detection (Figure adapted from Lawn et al, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2017) [23]Back to article page