Table 2 Odds ratios of male hypospadias
Characteristics | Male hypospadias | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | ||
Placental perfusion | |||
 Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
 Abnormal a | 2.87 (1.33–6.18) | 2.40 (1.09–5.29) | |
 NA | 1.10 (0.52–2.29) | 1.12 (0.53–2.37) | |
Preeclampsia | |||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
 Yes | Mild | 1.76 (0.54–5.73) | 1.56 (0.47–5.11) |
Severe | 10.81 (3.82–30.66) | 7.75 (2.62–22.89) | |
Maternal age at delivery (years) | |||
 ≥ 35 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
 25–34 | 0.89 (0.35–2.27) | 0.74 (0.27–1.99) | |
 < 25 | – | – | |
Residence | |||
 Shanghai | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
 Other provinces | 0.78 (0.36–1.67) | 0.90 (0.41–1.96) | |
Parity | |||
 Nulliparous | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
 Multiparous | 0.41 (0.13–1.31) | 0.39 (0.11–1.33) | |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | |||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
 Yes | 0.80 (0.25–2.60) | 0.68 (0.21–2.23) | |
Assisted conception | |||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
 Yes | 2.66 (0.64–11.02) | 1.96 (0.45–8.55) | |