Effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention for expecting parents to prevent postpartum parenting stress, depression and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial

Table 4 Estimates for the best fitting multilevel models

	Estimate	SE	p
Primary outcome: parenting stress (T3)
Intercept	14.22	3.18	< 0.001
Gender (1 = mother, 2 = father)	−.41	.96	.67
Prenatal parenting stress^a	.57	.07	< 0.001
Deviance: 1165.48
Secondary outcomes
Depressive symptoms (T3)
Intercept	4.58	.83	< 0.001
Partner (1 = mother, 2 = father)	−1.69	.46	< 0.001
Prenatal depressive symptoms^a	.63	.09	< 0.001
Deviance: 926.42
Anxiety symptoms (T3)
Intercept	3.26	.65	< 0.001
Partner (1 = mother, 2 = father)	−.81	.36	.03
Prenatal anxiety symptoms^a	.66	.08	< 0.001
Deviance: 799.03
Satisfaction with the parenting role (T3)
Intercept	19.96	3.08	< 0.001
Partner (1 = mother, 2 = father)	.30	.48	.53
Prenatal levels of satisfaction^a	.48	.08	< 0.001
Deviance: 911.98
Self-efficacy (T3)
Intercept	1.38	.36	< 0.001
Partner (1 = mother, 2 = father)	.04	.09	.68
Prenatal levels of self-efficacy^a	.61	.09	< 0.001
Deviance: 305.34
Perception of sleep (T3)^b
Intercept	−.40	.18	.03
Partner (1 = mother, 2 = father)	.29	.13	.02
Deviance: 458.38
Bonding (T4)^b
Intercept	67.92	1.94	< 0.001
Partner (1 = mother, 2 = father)	−.12	.96	.90
Deviance: 1141.44

^aprenatal state levels are averaged across T0 and T1 because of high intercorrelations (ranging between .38 and .77)
^bno prenatal levels available

ISSN: 1471-2393