Hygiene along the continuum of care in the early post-natal period: an observational study in Nigeria

Table 2 Observed hand hygiene opportunities and hand hygiene actions related to newborn care in post-natal care wards

	Hand hygiene opportunities n	Hand hygiene actions n (%)
	Hand hygiene opportunities n	Adequate^a	Inadequate^b	No Action
All observations
Mothers	45	2 (4)	8 (18)	35 (78)
Fathers	37	0 (0)	0 (0)	37 (100)
Healthcare workers	27	0 (0)	6 (22)	21 (78)
Cleaners	5	0 (0)	0 (0)	5 (100)
Visitors	98	0 (0)	0 (0)	98 (100)
Total	212	2 (1)	14 (7)	196 (92)
Cord contact^c
Mothers	7	1 (14)	0 (0)	6 (86)
Fathers	0	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Healthcare workers	7	0 (0)	4 (57)	3 (43)
Cleaners	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)
Visitors	2	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (100)
Total	17	1 (6)	4 (24)	12 (70)
Other newborn care^d
Mothers	38	1 (3)	8 (21)	29 (76)
Fathers	37	0 (0)	0 (0)	37 (100)
Healthcare workers	20	0 (0)	2 (10)	18 (90)
Cleaners	4	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (100)
Visitors	96	0 (0)	0 (0)	96 (100)
Total	195	1 (1)	10 (5)	184 (94)

^aAdequate hand hygiene action includes washing hands with soap and washing hands with soap and wearing clean gloves for aseptic procedures
^bInadequate hand hygiene action includes rinsing hands without using soap or wearing gloves for aseptic procedures without handwashing with soap prior to donning gloves
^cCord contact includes direct cord contact via cord cleaning or cord inspection
^dOther newborn care includes newborn handling outside cord care (changing newborn’s diapers, cleaning newborns bottom following defecation, picking up and putting newborn down, rubbing newborn’s body with body oils and powders, cleaning newborn’s eyes, changing newborn’s clothes, drying newborn with cloth, wiping newborn’s face)

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