Table 4 Multilevel logistic regression results on the predictors of postnatal care in Ethiopia, 2017
From: Determinants of postnatal care utilization in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis
Characteristics | Model 1 Null model | Model 2 Coefficient model | Model 3 Interaction effects |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal education | |||
 No education |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Primary |  | 0.95 (0.74–1.21) | 0.94 (0.73–1.21) |
 Higher |  | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) | 0.97 (0.74–1.26) |
Wealth quintile | |||
 Poorest |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Poorer |  | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) |
 Middle |  | 0.83 (0.59–1.216 | 0.81 (0.57–1.14) |
 Richer |  | 0.96 (0.67–1.37) | 0.94 (0.65–1.35) |
 Richest |  | 0.73 (0.51–1.06) | 0.71 (0.49–1.03) |
Distance to nearest health facility | |||
 < 30 min |  | 1.24 (1.01–1.52) | 0.84 (0.55–1.28) |
 > =30 min |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Family recognized as model family | |||
 Yes |  | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) |
 No |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
CHW home visit during pregnancy | |||
 Yes |  | 1.98 (1.58–2.50) | 1.98 (1.57–2.50) |
 No |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
At least one family conversations happened at home during pregnancy | |||
 Yes |  | 1.48 (1.04–2.12) | 1.49 (1.04–2.13) |
 No |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mentioned at least 3 antepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum danger signs | |||
 Yes |  | 1.30 (1.05–1.60) | 1.31 (1.06–1.61) |
 No |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Encountered complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or after delivery | |||
 Yes |  | 1.23 (0.93–1.62) | 1.21 (0.92–1.61) |
 No |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Birth notification | |||
 Yes |  | 2.66 (2.15–3.29) | 2.69 (2.17–3.34) |
 No |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Antenatal care utilization | |||
 At least 4 visits |  | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) |
 Less than 4 visits or none |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Place of delivery | |||
 Facility |  | 10.29 (7.57–13.98) | 10.47 (7.69–14.26) |
 Home or elsewhere |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mode of delivery | |||
 Vaginal delivery |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Cesarean section delivery |  | 1.96 (1.28–3.00) | 2.00 (1.30–3.05) |
Community characteristics | |||
 Region | |||
  Amhara |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Oromia |  | 2.99 (2.07–4.32) | 2.51 (1.55–4.06) |
 SNNP |  | 1.34 (0.93–1.94) | 1.06 (0.66–1.72) |
  Tigray |  | 1.30 (0.87–1.93) | 0.85 (0.51–1.41) |
Distance to health facility* Region | |||
 < 30 min*Oromia |  |  | 1.37 (0.77–2.45) |
 < 30 min*SNNP |  |  | 1.53 (0.86–2.72) |
 < 30 min*Tigray |  |  | 2.28 (1.25–4.14) |
Community level intercepts (SE) | *0.66 (0.05) | *0.02 (0.01) | *0.03 (0.01) |
Random effects | |||
 Coefficient variance (SE) | – | *0.03 (0.02) | *0.03 (0.02) |
 Community level variance (SE) | *0.91 (0.14) | *0.46 (0.11) | *0.48 (0.11) |
 Covariance (SE) | – | *-0.12 (0.04) | *-0.13 (0.04) |
Log-likelihood | 202.78 | 60.09 | 62.83 |
Model fit statistics | |||
 ICC (SE) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.12 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.03) |
 AIC | 3494.46 | 2761.47 | 2759.93 |