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Table 3 Unweighted and propensity score weighted associations between MNCH interventions and all-cause neonatal mortality. Both unweighted and weighted relative risks are regression adjusted for demographic factor and remaining interventions using Poisson regression, excluding those measured only in home deliveries as indicated

From: Using propensity scores to estimate the effectiveness of maternal and newborn interventions to reduce neonatal mortality in Nigeria

Intervention

Adjusted and Unweighted

Adjusted and Weighted

Estimated RR

95% CI Estimated RR

p

Estimated RR

95% CI Estimated RR

p

Resources

 Mother is primary decision maker

0.78

(0.36, 1.66)

0.513

0.58

(0.30, 1.14)

0.114

 Distance is not a problem for mother’s health care

1.29

(1.02, 1.64)

0.031

1.31

(1.03, 1.67)

0.029

Interventions delivered in the antenatal period

 Iron/folate during pregnancy

0.98

(0.71, 1.34)

0.881

0.94

(0.59, 1.48)

0.776

 Any Malaria preventive therapy during pregnancy

1.18

(0.92, 1.52)

0.202

1.19

(0.90, 1.58)

0.213

Interventions delivered in the postnatal period

 Dry cord care (nothing on cord) a

1.40

(1.04, 1.87)

0.025

1.40

(1.04, 1.89)

0.029

 Neonate dried after birtha

1.14

(0.85, 1.54)

0.379

1.18

(0.87, 1.59)

0.292

 Skin-to-skin contact after birtha

0.86

(0.55, 1.35)

0.520

0.70

(0.42, 1.18)

0.185

 Early breastfeeding (within one hour)

0.40

(0.31, 0.51)

<  0.001

0.41

(0.32, 0.52)

<  0.001

 Delayed bathing 24 h or morea

1.17

(0.55, 2.46)

0.686

0.78

(0.41, 1.50)

0.464

 Postnatal health contact within 2 days of birth

0.53

(0.35, 0.80)

0.002

0.68

(0.41, 1.13)

0.135

  1. aOnly measured for home deliveries, not included in analysis for other interventions. In addition, these interventions were not adjusted for facility delivery, as they were only measured for home births