Table 4 Adjusted odds ratio of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with duration of type 2 diabetes < 3 years received metformin to insulin switching therapy or metformin therapy, as compared to insulin therapy
Cohort | Switching Group (n = 154)a | Metformin Group (n = 427)a |
|---|---|---|
Maternal outcome | ||
Primary cesarean section | 1.01 (0.59–1.74) | 0.50 (0.30–0.83) |
Pregnancy-related hypertension | 1.65 (0.86–3.16) | 1.08 (0.55–2.11) |
Preeclampsia | 1.39 (0.67–2.88) | 0.97 (0.44–2.14) |
Fetal outcome | ||
Preterm birth (< 37 week) | 1.08 (0.60–1.95) | 0.79 (0.43–1.47) |
Very preterm delivery (< 32 weeks) | – | – |
Low birth weight (< 2500 g) | 1.26 (0.49–3.22) | 1.27 (0.52–3.09) |
High birth weight (> 4000 g) | – | – |
Small for gestational age | – | – |
Large for gestational age | 1.43 (0.83–2.49) | 0.79 (0.47–1.33) |
Congenital malformations | 0.60 (0.26–1.37) | 0.40 (0.17–0.93) |
Apgar score < 7 at 5 min | – | – |
Stillbirth | – | 0.23 (0.06–0.92) |