Table 3 Burden of pelvic girdle pain among pregnant women at Gondar, University Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Ethiopia (n = 424)
Variables | Categories | Pelvic girdle pain | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (%) | Yes (%) | ||||
Age in years | < 20 | 30 (9.3) | 6 (5.8) | 3.8 | 0.15 |
(mean age (27 ± 4.6) | 21–30 | 235 (73.2) | 71 (68.9) | ||
> 30 | 56 (17.4) | 26 (25.2) | |||
Residence | Urban | 277 (86.3) | 87 (84.5) | 0.21 | 0.64 |
Rural | 44 (13.7) | 16 (15.5) | |||
Marital status | Married | 302 (94.1) | 99 (96.1) | 1.68 | 0.64 |
Living in relationship | 14 (4.4) | 4 (3.9) | |||
Others + | 5 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Religion | Orthodox Christian | 274 (85.4) | 88 (85.4) | 2.24 | 0.52 |
Muslims | 32 (10.0) | 13 (12.6) | |||
Others ++ | 15 (4.6) | 2 (2.0) | |||
Occupation | Homemaker | 156 (48.6) | 48 (46.6) | 3.9 | 0.58 |
Farmer | 9 (2.8) | 4 (3.9) | |||
Civil servant | 73 (22.7) | 25 (24.3) | |||
Merchant | 35 (10.9) | 16 (15.5) | |||
Unemployed | 15 (4.7) | 2 (1.9) | |||
Others* | 33 (10.3) | 8 (7.8) | |||
Work status in week/hour | None | 8 (2.5) | 2 (1.9) | 2.85 | 0.42 |
0–20 h | 137 (42.7) | 35 (34.0) | |||
20–40 h | 89 (27.7) | 35 (34.0) | |||
> 40 h | 87 (27.1) | 31 (30.1) | |||
Work type | Very heavy | 5 (1.6) | 3 (2.9) | 12.5 | 0.01 |
Heavy | 30 (9.3) | 22 (21.4) | |||
Fair | 142 (44.2) | 37 (35.9) | |||
Light | 126 (39.3) | 38 (36.9) | |||
Very light | 18 (5.6) | 3 (2.9) | |||
Work satisfaction | very bad | 3 (0.9) | 3 (2.9) | 8.53 | 0.07 |
Bad | 7 (9.8) | 6 (5.8) | |||
Fair | 41 (12.8) | 19 (18.4) | |||
Good | 212 (66.0) | 59 (57.3) | |||
Very good | 58 (18.1) | 16 (15.5) | |||
Level of education | No formal school | 69 (21.5) | 24 (23.3) | 3.64 | 0.45 |
Primary school | 72 (22.4) | 18 (17.5) | |||
Secondary school | 59 (18.4) | 23 (22.3) | |||
Diploma | 70 (21.8) | 17 (16.5) | |||
Degree and above | 51 (15.9) | 21 (20.4) | |||
Income (ETB/month) | < 1000 | 95 (29.6) | 27 (26.2) | 3.6 | 0.30 |
1000–2000 | 71 (22.1) | 20 (19.4) | |||
2001–3000 | 65 (20.2) | 17 (16.5) | |||
> 3000 | 90 (28.0) | 39 (37.9) | |||
Smoking habit | Never | 321 (100) | 101 (98) | 6.26 | 0.04 |
Past smoker | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | |||
Current smoker | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | |||
Drinking alcohol habit | Never | 242 (75.4) | 67 (65.0) | 4.8 | 0.08 |
Past alcoholic | 19 (5.9) | 11 (10.7) | |||
Current alcoholic | 60 (18.7) | 25 (24.3) | |||
Physical exercise | No | 244 (76.0) | 85 (82.5) | 1.9 | 0.17 |
Yes | 77 (24.0) | 18 (17.5) | |||
Self-rated health status | Very good | 178 (55.5) | 41 (39.8) | 11.5 | 0.02 |
Quite good | 90 (28.0) | 32 (31.1) | |||
Fair | 29 (9.0) | 16 (15.5) | |||
Quite poor | 19 (5.9) | 9 (8.7) | |||
Poor | 5 (1.6) | 5 (4.9) | |||
Previous Pregnancies | No | 161 (50.2) | 40 (38.8) | 8.4 | 0.03 |
One | 72 (22.4) | 34 (33.0) | |||
Two | 73 (22.7) | 21 (20.4) | |||
Three and above | 15 (4.7) | 8 (7.8) | |||
Trimester | First | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 6.23 | 0.04 |
Second | 107 (33.4) | 34 (33) | |||
Third | 210 (65.6) | 69 (67) | |||
Do you have children | No | 161 (50.2) | 40 (38.8) | 4.8 | 0.45 |
Yes | 160 (49.8) | 63 (61.2) | |||
Taking medication | No | 15 (88.2 | 33 (63.5) | 3.7 | 0.07 |
Yes | 2 (11.8) | 19 (36.5) | |||
History of back pain | No | 124 (38.6) | 28 (27.2) | 4.5 | 0.04 |
Yes | 197 (61.4) | 75 (72.8) | |||
History of PPGP | No | 304 (94.7) | 51 (49.5) | 116.8 | 0.000 |
Yes | 17 (5.3) | 52 (50.5) | |||
Frequency of PPGP (n 103) | Frequently | 84 (81.6) | |||
Occasionally | 16 (15.5) | ||||
Rarely | 03 (2.9) | ||||