Table 2 Newborn characteristics in each study group
Controls (n=217) | Abusers (n=71) | P | Smokers (n=88) | P | SGA mothers (n=168) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male gender, n (%) | 104 (47.9) | 44 (62.0) | 0.04 | 52 (59.1) | 0.077 | 90 (53.6) | 0.272 |
Birth weight (g, mean ±SD) | 3540±370 | 3390±560 | 0.039 | 3310±550 | 0.001 | 2760±400 | <0.001 |
SGA (birth weight <10 percentile), n (%) | 0 (0) | 12 (16.9)a | NA | 16 (18.2) | NA | 168 (100) | NA |
Head circumpherence (cm, mean ±SD) | 35.2±1.2 | 34.9±1.8 | 0.214 | 35.0±1.9 | 0.375 | 33.8±1.8 | <0.001 |
Head circumpherence (<10th percentile), n (%) | 9 (4.1) | 14 (19.7) | <0.001 | 10 (11.4) | 0.010 | 45 (26.8) | <0.001 |
Intensive care of the newborn, n (%) | 0 (0) | 15 (21.1) | NA | 9 (10.2) | NA | 13 (7.7) | NA |
Placental weight (g, mean ±SD) | 580±106 | 610±130 | 0.048 | 590±131 | 0.627 | 460±79 | <0.001 |
Placental weight/birth weight ratio (%, mean ±SD) | 16.3±2.5 | 18.1±2.9 | <0.001 | 17.8±3.3 | <0.001 | 16.8±3.0 | 0.079 |