Early pregnancy vitamin D and the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a retrospective cohort study

Table 4 Associations between vitamin D status and maternal & infant outcomes

	25(OH)D
		HR	95%CI	P
Gestational diabetes mellitus	< 50 nmol/L	1.000
Gestational diabetes mellitus	≥50 nmol/L	0.750	(0.618, 0.909)	0.003
Caesarean section	< 50 nmol/L	1.000
Caesarean section	≥50 nmol/L	0.848	(0.761, 0.945)	0.003
Fetal distress	< 50 nmol/L	1.000
Fetal distress	≥50 nmol/L	0.807	(0.636, 1.023)	0.076
Preterm birth	< 50 nmol/L	1.000
Preterm birth	≥50 nmol/L	0.732	(0.551, 0.972)	0.031
Low birth weight	< 50 nmol/L	1.000
Low birth weight	≥50 nmol/L	0.747	(0.549, 1.016)	0.063
Macrosomia	< 50 nmol/L	1.000
Macrosomia	≥50 nmol/L	0.967	(0.595, 1.570)	0.892

Cox regression analysis were operated for exploration of associations, and adjusted for covariates including: age, BMI, parity, season of blood collected

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