Barriers and associated factors for adequate antenatal care among Afghan women in Iran; findings from a community-based survey

Table 4 Factors emerged in factor analysis and their association with adequate ANC (≥ 8 visits) in Afghan women

	Number of ANC
	< 8 visits (%)	≥ 8 visits (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	p-value
Poor knowledge/attitude toward ANC^a	192 (70.6)	72 (47.4)	0.37 (0.25–0.57)	0.001
Difficulties in access^b	240 (88.2)	104 (68.4)	0.29 (0.17–0.48)	0.001
Poor quality of services^c	112 (41.2)	32 (21.1)	0.38 (0.24–0.60)	0.001
Sociocultural/legal issues^d	200 (73.5)	88 (57.9)	0.50 (0.33–0.75)	0.001
Total	272	152

^a composed of: “I was healthy”, “I think it is unnecessary”
^b composed of: “Expenses were unaffordable”, “Clinic was too far”, “Poor transportation”
^c composed of: “The services were not good”, “Long waiting time”
^d composed of: “Scare of / being discriminated or poorly treated”, “Religious and cultural reasons”, “Fear of arrest/deportation”, “No one to accompany me”

ISSN: 1471-2393