Maternal childbirth experience in induced and spontaneous labour measured in a visual analog scale and the factors influencing it; a two-year cohort study

Table 1 The characteristics and delivery outcomes in women with induction of labor and spontaneous onset of labor (n = 18 396)

	Induced labor (n = 5322)		Spontaneous labor (n = 13074)		p-value
	n	%	n	%
Age > 35 years	1613	30.3	3297	25.2	< 0.001
Height < 164 cm	1967	37.0	4651	35.6	0.01
BMI ≥ 30	1023	19.2	1165	8.9	< 0.001
IVF	313	5.9	525	4.0	< 0.001
Smoking	417	7.8	971	7.4	0.40
Primiparous	2799	52.6	5840	44.7	< 0.001
Post-term (≥ 41 weeks)	2259	42.4	3419	26.2	< 0.001
Gestational diabetes	1324	24.9	2505	19.2	< 0.001
Previous CS	462	8.7	834	6.4	< 0.001
Birth experience VAS-score < 5	399	7.5	420	3.2	< 0.001
Operative vaginal delivery	665	12.5	1515	11.6	0.08
Caesarean delivery	1040	19.5	687	5.3	< 0.001
Placental retention	140	2.6	190	1.5	< 0.001
Shoulder dystocia	22	0.4	40	0.3	0.25
Maternal infection	183	3.4	175	1.3	< 0.001
Sphincter injury	110	2.0	262	2.1	0.78
Maternal severe complication	7^a	0.1	10^b	0.1	0.27
Post-partum hemorrhage ≥ 1000 ml	775	14.6	1181	9.1	< 0.001
5-min Apgar score < 7	157	3.0	221	1.7	< 0.001
Umbilical artery pH < 7.05	74	1.5	147	1.3	0.58
NICU admission	345	6.5	661	5.1	< 0.001

Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, IVF in vitro fertilization
^a Relaparotomy n = 2, pulmonary embolism n = 1, sepsis n = 1, uterine rupture n = 3
^b Postpartum hysterectomy n = 1, uterine rupture n = 9

ISSN: 1471-2393