Table 2 Maternal characteristics
Characteristics | Study group n = 131 | Healthy controls n = 228 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | Age, mean (SD), years | 30 (6.4) | 30 (5.9) | ns |
Previous deliveries, mean (SD), n | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.1) | ns | |
Previous pregnancies, mean (SD), n | 2 (2.6) | 2 (1.5) | ns | |
Primary education | 41 (31.2) | 18 (8) | < 0.001 | |
Higher education | 32 (24.8) | 132 (58) | < 0.001 | |
Employed | 40 (31) | 167 (73.6) | < 0.001 | |
Married | 60 (45.7) | 170 (74.4) | < 0.001 | |
Single | 71 (54.2) | 58 (25.4) | < 0.001 | |
Concomitant somatic diseases | 92 (69.9) | 83 (36.6) | < 0.001 | |
Smoking | 45 (34.1) | 19 (8.4) | < 0.001 | |
Pregnancy characteristics | Unknown LMP | 16 (12.2) | 6 (2.6) | < 0.05 |
Did not seek ANC | 25 (19) | 3 (1.3) | < 0.05 | |
ANC visits, mean (SD), n | 6 (4.1) | 8 (3.1) | < 0.05 | |
Weight gain < 10 kg | 68 (51.9) | 36 (15.9) | < 0.05 | |
UTIs | 5 (3.8) | 1 (0.4) | ns | |
Pyelonephritis | 4 (3.1) | 1 (0.4) | ns | |
Hypertension | 4 (3.1) | 12 (5.3) | ns | |
Hypertension with eclampsia | 5 (3.8) | 6 (2.6) | ns | |
GDM | 7 (5.3) | 10 (4.4) | ns | |
Hospital admission | 73 (55.7) | 69 (30.3) | < 0.001 | |
Vaginal delivery | 104 (79.4) | 175 (76.8) | ns | |
Elective caesarean section | 11 (8.4) | 26 (11.4) | ns | |
Emergency caesarean section | 16 (12.2) | 27 (11.8) | ns | |
Epidural analgesia | 28 (21.4) | 63 (27.6) | ns |