Table 6 Active labour & birth outcomes
TOTAL INCLUDED POPULATION | Fragmented care | CoC with a Doctor | CoC with a Midwife | Statistical differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 490 | n = 167 (34.1%) | n = 119 (24.3%) | n = 204 (41.6%) | pvalue | |
N (%) | n (%) | n(%) | n(%) | ||
Active Labour | |||||
Access active labour resources | 255 (52) | 89 (53.3) | 50 (42) | 116 (56.9) | 0.09 |
Techniques used in labour (more than 1 answer allowed) | |||||
Water immersion | 103 (21) | 20 (12) | 13 (10.9) | 70 (34.3) | |
Shower | 190 (38.8) | 59 (35.3) | 34 (28.6) | 97 (47.5) | |
Position changes / movement | 369 (75.3) | 125 (74.9) | 79 (66.4) | 165 (80.9) | |
Acupressure & massage / pressure | 188 (38.4) | 58 (34.7) | 35 (29.4) | 95 (46.6) | |
Breathing techniques | 283 (57.8) | 99 (59.3) | 60 (50.4) | 124 (60.8) | |
Sterile water injections in lower back / TENS / heat | 151 (30.8) | 42 (25.1) | 35 (29.4) | 74 (36.3) | |
Some other technique | 16 (3.3) | 7 (4.2) | 1 (0.8) | 8 (3.9) | |
None | 36 (7.3) | 16 (9.6) | 12 (10.1) | 8 (3.9) | |
Pain medication used in labour (more than 1 answer allowed) | |||||
Epidural / spinal | 97 (19.8) | 37 (22.2) | 25 (21) | 35 (17.2) | |
Epidural / spinal (as going to caesarean) | 43 (7.9) | 14 (8.4) | 12 (10.1) | 17 (8.3) | |
Narcotics | 49 (10) | 25 (15) | 9 (7.6) | 15 (7.4) | |
Nitrous oxide | 192 (39.2) | 74 (44.3) | 44 (37) | 74 (36.3) | |
Local anaesthetic | 86 (17.6) | 30 (18) | 28 (23.5) | 28 (13.7) | |
Pain medication not listed | 27 (5.5) | 17 (10.2) | 2 (1.7) | 8 (3.9) | |
Did not use any | 120 (24.5) | 32 (19.2) | 16 (13.4) | 72 (35.3) | |
Mode of birth | 0.002 | ||||
VBAC | 325 (66.3) | 111 (66.5) | 73 (61.3) | 141 (69.1) | |
Scheduled caesarean before labour | 26 (5.3) | 11 (6.6) | 13 (10.9) | 2 (1) | |
Repeat Caesarean during labour | 71 (14.5) | 25 (15) | 13 (10.9) | 33 (16.2) | |
Missing | 68 (13.9) | 20 (12) | 20 (16.8) | 28 (13.7) | |
Birth positions (325) | ≤ 0.001 | ||||
Waterbith | 37 (11.4) | 6 (5.4) | 2 (2.7) | 29 (20.6) | |
Kneeling / all fours | 48 (14.8) | 20 (18) | 6 (8.2) | 22 (15.6) | |
Semi-recumbent | 59 (18.2) | 26 (23.4) | 22 (30.1) | 11 (7.8) | |
Lateral | 30 (9.2) | 8 (7.2) | 7 (9.6) | 15 (10.6) | |
Standing | 10 (3.1) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (2.7) | 5 (3.5) | |
Squatting / birth stool | 11 (3.4) | 2 (1.8) | 2 (2.7) | 7 (4.9) | |
Lying on back | 105 (32.3) | 36 (32.4) | 30 (41.1) | 39 (27.7) | |
Birth position not listed | 23 (7.1) | 9 (8.1) | 1 (1.4) | 13 (9.2) | |
Missing | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | |
Upright birth (325) | 112 (34.5) | 35 (31.5) | 13 (17.8) | 64 (45.4) | ≤ 0.001 |