Table 6 Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes in the three GWG groups according to IOM recommendations
| Â | Gestational weight gain category | Â | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Inadequate (N = 787) | Adequate (N = 1309) | Excessive (N = 1076) | P-value | |
Maternal outcomes | ||||
Gestational weeks |  |  |  | <  0.001 |
   ≥ 28 and < 37 | 61 (7.8) | 53 (4.1) | 33 (3.1) |  |
   ≥ 37 and < 42 | 724 (92.0) | 1254 (95.8) | 1042 (96.8) |  |
   ≥ 42 | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |  |
Delivery mode |  |  |  | <  0.001 |
  Eutocia | 487 (61.9) | 761 (58.1) | 546 (50.7) |  |
  Caesarean section | 285 (36.2) | 528 (40.3) | 516 (48) |  |
  Midwifery practice | 15 (1.9) | 20 (1.5) | 14 (1.3) |  |
Maternal complications | ||||
Anemia | Â | Â | Â | 0.695 |
  No | 681 (86.5) | 1118 (85.4) | 930 (86.4) |  |
  Yes | 106 (13.5) | 191 (14.6) | 146 (13.6) |  |
PROM | Â | Â | Â | 0.286 |
  No | 680 (86.4) | 1159 (88.5) | 935 (86.9) |  |
  Yes | 107 (13.6) | 150 (11.5) | 141 (13.1) |  |
GDM |  |  |  | <  0.001 |
  No | 665 (84.5) | 1170 (89.4) | 965 (89.7) |  |
  Yes | 122 (15.5) | 139 (10.6) | 111 (10.3) |  |
GHp | Â | Â | Â | 0.004 |
  No | 775 (98.5) | 1279 (97.7) | 1034 (96.1) |  |
  Yes | 12 (1.5) | 30 (2.3) | 42 (3.9) |  |
Neonatal outcomes | ||||
Birth weight |  |  |  | <  0.001 |
  Low birth weight | 45 (5.7) | 44 (3.4) | 23 (2.1) |  |
  Normal birth weight | 711 (90.3) | 1193 (91.1) | 933 (86.7) |  |
  Macrosomia | 31 (3.9) | 72 (5.5) | 120 (11.2) |  |
Gestational age (GA) |  |  |  | <  0.001 |
  Small for GA | 60 (7.6) | 78 (6.0) | 44 (4.1) |  |
  Normal GA | 676 (85.9) | 1119 (85.5) | 861 (80.0) |  |
  Large for GA | 51 (6.5) | 112 (8.6) | 171 (15.9) |  |